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Table 1 Values of the \(R^2\) and RMSE for different statistical machine learning models

From: Spatial statistical machine learning models to assess the relationship between development vulnerabilities and educational factors in children in Queensland, Australia

Methods

PHD

SCD

EMD

LCS

CS

VOD

VTD

 

\(R^2\)

RMSE

\(R^2\)

RMSE

\(R^2\)

RMSE

\(R^2\)

RMSE

\(R^2\)

RMSE

\(R^2\)

RMSE

\(R^2\)

RMSE

GLM

0.299

0.091

0.212

0.082

0.166

0.096

0.385

0.082

0.372

0.063

0.417

0.093

0.411

0.061

SAR

0.336

0.042

0.224

0.040

0.214

0.034

0.555

0.033

0.382

0.036

0.429

0.049

0.426

0.041

RF

0.702

0.036

0.730

0.035

0.587

0.028

0.729

0.028

0.734

0.031

0.752

0.048

0.717

0.038

GRF

0.759

0.031

0.722

0.021

0.669

0.026

0.782

0.022

0.788

0.020

0.811

0.041

0.778

0.032

SRF

0.771

0.034

0.704

0.032

0.616

0.027

0.737

0.026

0.755

0.031

0.691

0.045

0.707

0.034

GAM

0.307

0.054

0.239

0.049

0.208

0.039

0.525

0.052

0.377

0.052

0.404

0.107

0.462

0.051

GAM with interaction

0.506

0.047

0.348

0.044

0.287

0.037

0.625

0.052

0.379

0.052

0.469

0.068

0.467

0.048

SGAM

0.559

0.042

0.472

0.052

0.323

0.037

0.623

0.038

0.42

0.038

0.614

0.066

0.623

0.044

NN

0.611

0.054

0.604

0.094

0.568

0.114

0.684

0.081

0.684

0.081

0.590

0.082

0.669

0.075

SNN

0.719

0.050

0.737

0.081

0.679

0.111

0.713

0.049

0.726

0.079

0.684

0.081

0.689

0.071

GWANN

0.694

0.054

0.705

0.50

0.662

0.038

0.707

0.047

0.737

0.047

0.671

0.067

0.691

0.052

CAR

0.879

0.031

0.729

0.034

0.787

0.026

0.875

0.290

0.771

0.029

0.802

0.056

0.826

0.034

  1. PHD physical health and well-being domain, SCD social competence domain, EMD emotional maturity domain, LCS language and cognitive skills domain, CS communication skills and general knowledge domain, VOD vulnerable on one or more domain, VTD vulnerable on two or more domains, GLM generalized linear model, SAR spatial autoregressive model, RF random forest, GRF geographical random forest, SRF spatial random forest, GAM generalized additive model, SGAM patial generalized additive model, NN Neural network, SNN spatial neural network, GWANN geographical weighted artificial neural network, CAR conditional autoregression model