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Table 3 Direct medical costs in 2020 USD per diarrhoea patient in three healthcare facility types in Gondar, Ethiopia, in 2020

From: Patient-related healthcare costs for diarrhoea, Guillain Barré syndrome and invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis in Gondar, Ethiopia, 2020

 

Costs/patient (2020 USD)

N with costs > 0

Cost category

Mean a

St. dev

Median b

Minimum

Maximum

2.5%

97.5%

Health centre (N = 108)

 Stay costsc

0.53 a

0.21

0.43 a

0.43

1.29

0.43

1.00

108

 Drug costs

3.56 a

1.60

3.44 a

0.92

9.96

1.07

6.08

108

 Diagnostic test costs

0.81 a

0.34

0.72 a

0.00

2.58

0.00

1.43

104

 Special services costs

1.59 a

0.91

1.57 a

0.00

3.72

0.00

3.52

97

 Total costs

6.49 a

1.88

6.54 a

2.29

13.54

3.19

9.71

108

Private clinic (N = 93)

 Stay costsc

1.86 b

0.78

1.43 b

1.43

4.29

1.43

4.29

93

 Drug costs

3.55 a

4.62

2.23 b

0.92

31.23

1.28

12.60

93

 Diagnostic test costs

2.17 b

0.69

2.43 b

0.00

3.72

1.119

3.72

92

 Special services costs

2.99 b

2.14

4.01 b

0.00

8.02

0.00

6.21

70

 Total costs

10.56 b

5.05

10.02 b

2.66

39.11

4.27

19.49

93

Specialised hospital (N = 205)

 Stay costsc

0.84 c

0.68

0.57 a

0.57

5.73

0.57

2.29

205

 Drug costs

3.65 a

2.12

3.15 a

0.29

14.31

0.57

8.58

205

 Diagnostic test costs

2.81 c

1.53

2.86 c

0.00

10.59

0.86

6.56

200

 Special services costs

2.22 b

1.07

2.29 c

0.00

6.87

0.00

4.29

198

 Total costs

9.53 b

3.45

9.16 c

2.86

26.80

4.32

18.60

205

All healthcare facilities (N = 406)

 Stay costsc

0.99

0.79

0.57

0.43

5.73

0.43

2.86

406

 Drug costs

3.60

2.79

3.15

0.29

31.23

0.57

9.10

406

 Diagnostic test costs

2.13

1.42

2.00

0.00

10.59

0.72

5.69

396

 Special services costs

2.23

1.44

2.00

0.00

8.02

0.00

6.01

365

 Total costs

8.96

3.89

8.35

2.29

39.11

3.72

16.95

406

  1. aDifferent letters between rows with the same cost category (for example, rows with stay costs) indicate a difference in means at a level of p < 0.05 between the healthcare facility as tested with ANOVA and Tamhane’s T2 test or Fisher's Least Significant Difference test as post-hoc test
  2. bDifferent letters between rows with the same cost category (for example, rows with stay costs) indicate a difference in medians at a level of p < 0.05 between the healthcare facilities as tested with Chi square test and a pairwise comparison with adjusted p-value as post-hoc test
  3. cOnly out-of-pocket costs patients had to pay themselves per day they stayed in the healthcare facility. These do not cover total costs for staying one day in the healthcare facility
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