Associations between the food environment and food and drink purchasing using large-scale commercial purchasing data: a cross-sectional study

Kalbus, Alexandra; Cornelsen, Laura; Ballatore, Andrea; Cummins, Steven

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14537-3

Table 5 Parameter estimates and 95% CI of take-home purchase outcomes associated with food environment exposures (main effects)

From: Associations between the food environment and food and drink purchasing using large-scale commercial purchasing data: a cross-sectional study

	Adjusted Estimates
	Frequency			Total Calories			Calories from fruit & vegetables			Calories from HFSS			Calories from UPF			Alcohol volume
Exposure	IR	95% CI	p value	IR	95% CI	p value	IR	95% CI	p value	IR	95% CI	p value	IR	95% CI	p value	IR	95% CI	p value
Density of chain supermarkets	1.006	0.994; 1.017	0.436	1.006	0.997; 1.015	0.760	0.999	0.985; 1.013	0.903	1.003	0.999; 1.008	0.318	1.005	1.000; 1.011	0.147	0.965	0.928; 1.004	0.197
Distance to chain supermarkets	0.989	0.977; 1.002	0.251	1.002	0.992; 1.013	0.760	1.004	0.988; 1.020	0.903	0.998	0.993; 1.003	0.517	0.993	0.987; 1.000	0.147	1.004	0.960; 1.049	0.875
Density of independent supermarkets	0.998	0.993; 1.004	0.614	1.001	0.996; 1.005	0.760	1.002	0.994; 1.009	0.903	0.998	0.995; 1.000	0.261	0.998	0.995; 1.001	0.183	0.979	0.960; 0.998	0.189
Distance to independent supermarkets	0.989	0.979; 1.000	0.222	0.998	0.989; 1.007	0.760	1.001	0.988; 1.015	0.903	1.000	0.995; 1.004	0.832	0.996	0.991; 1.002	0.231	0.996	0.959; 1.034	0.875
Density of OOH outlets	1.001	0.999; 1.003	0.382	1.000	0.998; 1001	0.760	1.000	0.998; 1.002	0.903	1.000	0.999; 1.000	0.517	1.000	0.999; 1.001	0.648	0.995	0.990; 1.001	0.197
Distance to OOH outlets	0.990	0.976; 1.005	0.362	1.003	0.991; 1.015	0.760	1.009	0.991; 1.028	0.903	0.996	0.990; 1.001	0.318	0.989	0.982; 0.997	0.040	1.021	0.970; 1.073	0.686
Food environment composition
More OOH outlets	0.996	0.948; 1.047	0.879	0.978	0.939; 1.019	0.760	1.047	0.983; 1.115	0.607	0.984	0.965; 1.004	0.318	0.977	0.952; 1.002	0.147	1.057	0.888; 1.257	0.711
No outlets	0.917	0.847; 0. 991	0.222	0.976	0.915; 1.041	0.760	1.078	0.976; 1.190	0.607	0.981	0.951; 1.012	0.363	0.971	0.932; 1.010	0.194	1.317	1.003; 1.730	0.189

95% CI 95% confidence interval, HFSS high in fat, salt and sugar, IR Incidence Rate, OOH out of home, UPF ultra-processed foods. Effect estimates of density measures refer to a change in incidence rate in response to an increase of 1 m/km². Effect estimates of distance measures refer to a change in incidence rate in response to an increase of 500 m. The reference category for the composition of food environments is neighbourhoods with more supermarkets
All models are adjusted for age, sex and NRS social grade of the main shopper, number of children and adults in the household, region, area deprivation and population density, and interactions between region and NRS social grade, area deprivation, and population density. p values were adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg method

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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