Table 1 Characteristics of Participants

Age (years)

48.50 ± 15.10

55.83 ± 17.04

< 0.001

Height (cm)

158.75 ± 6.22

156.94 ± 6.71

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

55.28 ± 7.50

61.63 ± 10.71

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

21.94 ± 2.77

25.00 ± 3.87

< 0.001

WC (cm)

76.51 ± 8.19

85.28 ± 9.99

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

115.96 ± 16.77

121.08 ± 18.12

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

74.06 ± 9.08

74.77 ± 9.47

0.032

TG (mg/dl)

102.52 ± 66.93

124.50 ± 77.49

< 0.001

TC (mg/dl)

195.41 ± 36.98

194.50 ± 38.87

0.496

Glucose (mg/dl)

96.53 ± 19.45

102.17 ± 23.06

< 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dl)

58.30 ± 12.68

53.66 ± 12.49

< 0.001

LDL-C (mg/dl)

116.60 ± 33.71

115.94 ± 35.35

0.587

Relative Grip (kg/kg)

44.91 ± 5.33

30.54 ± 5.51

< 0.001