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Table 5 Total costs of occupation-related injuries by the reference period in manufacturing industries in Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 1200)

From: Economic costs and Predictors of occupation-related Injuries in Ethiopian sugar industries from the Employer’s perspective: top-down approach and friction method

Cost category

Cost estimation period, 2021

Cost in Ethiopian Birr (USD$)

% of the total cost of injury

Direct costs

7,711,584 (173,997.83$)

34.14

Indirect costs

14,876,051.32 (303,592.88$)

65.86

Total costs

22,587,635.32 (537,800.84$)

100