The relationship between depression symptoms and academic performance among first-year undergraduate students at a South African university: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 Logistic regression model used to calculate the predictors of academic performance

Variable	aOR (95% CI)	p-value	Standard error
Sex
Female	ref
Male	1.10 (0.84–1.45)	0.464	0.152
Field of Study
Humanities	ref
Engineering	9.33 (6.35–13.72)	< 0.001	1.834
Health Sciences	1.56 (0.99–2.52)	0.057	0.378
Commerce, Law and Management	1.17 (0.71–1.90)	0.541	0.291
Science	4.23 (2.88–6.22)	< 0.001	0.831
Race ^a
Black African	ref
Coloured	0.93 (0.42–2.06)	0.867	0.377
Indian	0.96 (0.62–1.47)	0.846	0.211
White	0.62 (0.37–1.03)	0.065	0.161
Major depression disorder symptom severity
Minimal	ref
Mild	1.40 (0.93–2.11)	0.103	0.291
Moderate	1.98 (1.30-3.00)	0.001	0.421
Moderate severe	2.70 (1.70–4.30)	< 0.001	0.639
Severe	2.59 (1.54–4.36)	< 0.001	0.688
High school quintile
1	ref
2	0.87 (0.49–1.53)	0.621	0.250
3	1.11 (0.66–1.87)	0.695	0.296
4	0.83 (0.49–1.50)	0.579	0.244
5	0.50 (0.30–0.85)	0.010	0.135
Other	0.47 (0.26–0.83)	0.009	0.136
NSFAS financial aid support recipient
No	ref
Yes	0.67 (0.26–0.83)	0.007	0.100

^a Chinese and unknown race categories were dropped due to low number and/or zero exposure in the control population. This table provides adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) and 95% CI formatted as “OR (lower CI-upper CI)” for each result of logistic regression

ISSN: 1471-2458