All (N = 21,280) | Non-Hispanic Whites (n = 13,474) | Hispanics (n = 4317) | Non-Hispanic Asians (n = 2745) | Non-Hispanic African Americans (n = 744) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) or Mean (SD) b | Weighted % Or Mean b | |||||
Social Determinants of Health | ||||||
Economic stability | ||||||
Employment | Unemployed | 9248 (42.13) | 39.83 | 32.04 | 33.44 | 38.87 |
Employed | 12,701 (57.87) | 60.17 | 67.96 | 66.56 | 61.13 | |
Food security | Food insecurity | 1352 (6.16) | 4.81 | 16.45 | 6.89 | 14.42 |
Food security but under 200% FPL | 2836 (12.92) | 11.05 | 27.57 | 17.48 | 14.18 | |
Above 200% FPL | 17,761 (80.92) | 84.14 | 55.98 | 75.63 | 71.4 | |
Housing instability | Other arrangement or rent | 6126 (28.54) | 34.30 | 53.21 | 42.51 | 57.98 |
Own | 15,339 (71.46) | 65.70 | 49.79 | 57.49 | 42.02 | |
Education | ||||||
Educational attainment | Below bachelor’s degree | 9436 (42.99) | 48.67 | 75.7 | 39.49 | 59.64 |
Bachelor’s degree or above | 12,513 (57.01) | 51.33 | 24.3 | 60.51 | 40.36 | |
English proficiency | Not well/not at all | 797 (3.63) | 0.56 | 16.80 | 17.23 | 0 |
Well/very well | 5084 (23.16) | 10.23 | 59.40 | 56.83 | 7.32 | |
Only speak English | 16,068 (73.21) | 89.21 | 23.80 | 25.94 | 92.68 | |
Social and community context | ||||||
Neighborhood social cohesion (Range = 3–12) | 7.97 (0.97) | 7.94 | 7.73*** | 7.90 | 7.60*** | |
Health care access and quality | ||||||
Usual source of health care (except Emergency care) | No | 2153 (9.81) | 10.88 | 20.13 | 15.12 | 12.67 |
Yes | 19,796 (90.19) | 89.12 | 79.87 | 84.88 | 87.33 | |
Delayed medical care | No | 17,988 (81.95) | 81.12 | 85.29 | 84.44 | 86.85 |
Yes | 3961 (18.05) | 18.88 | 14.71 | 15.56 | 13.15 | |
Neighborhood and built environment | ||||||
Neighborhood safety (Range = 1–4) | 3.38 (0.63) | 3.39 | 3.17*** | 3.18*** | 3.18*** | |
Covariates | ||||||
Age | Young adults (18–44 yrs) | 6462 (29.44) | 36.59 | 58.16 | 49.08 | 35.5 |
Middle-aged adults (45–64 yrs) | 7804 (35.56) | 31.75 | 30.07 | 33.85 | 41.26 | |
Older adults (65yrs and older) | 7683 (35.00) | 31.65 | 11.77 | 17.08 | 23.24 | |
Gender | Male | 9575 (43.62) | 49.4 | 49.63 | 47.38 | 47.10 |
Female | 12,374 (56.38) | 50.6 | 50.37 | 52.62 | 52.90 | |
COVID-19 pandemic challenge (Range = 0–8) | 0.79 (0.92) | 0.80 | 1.02*** | 0.97*** | 1.09*** | |
Risk of severe illness from COVID-19 (Range = 0–6) | 1.60 (1.21) | 1.58 | 1.44*** | 1.10*** | 1.84*** |