Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Wave 4 | Wave 5 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic Characteristics | Odds Ratio1 [Conf. Interval]2 | Standard Error | Odds Ratio [Conf. Interval] | Standard Error | Odds Ratio [Conf. Interval] | Standard Error | Odds Ratio [Conf. Interval] | Standard Error | Odds Ratio [Conf.Interval] | Standard Error |
Employment status | ||||||||||
Not Economically Active | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
Unemployed | 1.49a [1.49 1.50] | 0.003 | 1.74a [1.73 1.74] | 0.004 | 1.10a [1.27 1.28] | 0.001 | 1.27a [1.27 1.28] | 0.003 | 0.70a [0.70 0.70] | 0.002 |
Employed | 1.18a [1.17 1.19] | 0.003 | 1.18a [1.18 1.19] | 0.003 | 0.84a [0.98 0.99] | 0.000 | 0.99a [0.98 0.99] | 0.002 | 0.74a [0.73 0.74] | 0.002 |
Residence status | ||||||||||
Rural | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
Urban | 0.98a [0.98 0.99] | 0.002 | 1.43a [1.42 1.43] | 0.003 | 1.30a [1.28 1.31] | 0.005 | 1.09a [1.08 1.09] | 0.002 | 1.28a [1.28 1.29] | 0.002 |
Race | ||||||||||
African/Black | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
Coloured | 0.87a [0.87 0.88] | 0.002 | 0.75a [0.74 0.75] | 0.003 | 0.43a [0.52 0.53] | 0.002 | 0.53a [0.53 0.53] | 0.002 | 0.87a [0.86 0.87] | 0.003 |
Asian/Indian | 0.28a [0.28 0.29] | 0.003 | 0.29a [0.28 0.30] | 0.003 | 0.55a [0.71 0.76] | 0.003 | 0.75a [0.73 0.76] | 0.008 | 0.20a [0.20 0.21] | 0.002 |
White | 0.47a [0.45 0.46] | 0.002 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Socio-economic Status (SES) | ||||||||||
Poorest | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
Poorer | 0.54a [0.53 0.54] | 0.001 | 0.76a [0.76 0.76] | 0.002 | 1.14a [1.13 1.15] | 0.005 | 0.37a [0.37 0.37] | 0.001 | 0.68a [0.67 0.68] | 0.001 |
Middle | 0.53a [0.53 0.53] | 0.001 | 0.53a [0.53 0.53] | 0.001 | 1.08a [1.06 1.08] | 0.004 | 0.51a [0.51 0.51] | 0.001 | 0.42a [0.41 0.42] | 0.001 |
Richer | 0.52a [0.52 0.52] | 0.001 | 0.49a [0.49 0.49] | 0.001 | 0.51a [0.50 0.51] | 0.002 | 0.28a [0.28 0.28] | 0.001 | 0.21a [0.20 0.21] | 0.001 |
Richest | 0.21a [0.21 0.21] | 0.001 | 0.20a [0.20 0.20] | 0.000 | 0.14a [0.13 0.14] | 0.001 | 0.10a [0.10 0.10] | 0.000 | 0.09a [0.09 0.10] | 0.000 |
Dwelling Type | ||||||||||
House/Flat | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
Tradition/Mud | 1.05a [1.04 1.05] | 0.003 | 1.07a [1.07 1.08] | 0.003 | 1.95a [1.93 1.96] | 0.009 | 1.13a [1.13 1.14] | 0.003 | 1.66a [1.65 1.66] | 0.004 |
Informal-Shack | 1.77a [1.76 1.77] | 0.003 | 0.61a [0.60 0.61] | 0.002 | 3.37a [3.34 3.40] | 0.014 | 2.17a [2.16 2.18] | 0.005 | 2.66a [2.65 2.68] | 0.006 |
Electricity access | ||||||||||
Yes | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
No | 0.71a [0.70 0.71] | 0.002 | 1.96a [1.95 1.98] | 0.007 | 0.43a [0.42 0.43] | 0.003 | 0.79a [0.78 0.79] | 0.002 | 0.74a [0.73 0.74] | 0.002 |
Piped-water access | ||||||||||
Yes | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
No | 1.11a [1.11 1.12] | 0.002 | 1.05a [1.05 1.06] | 0.002 | 1.13a [1.12 1.14] | 0.004 | 0.99a [0.99 0.99] | 0.002 | 0.88a [0.87 0.88] | 0.002 |
Respondent's Education Level | ||||||||||
No schooling | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
Primary Education | 0.88a [0.87 0.89] | 0.004 | 0.91a [0.90 0.92] | 0.004 | 6.37a [6.16 6.59] | 0.107 | 0.85a [0.84 0.85] | 0.004 | 1.08a [1.07 1.09] | 0.005 |
Secondary Education | 0.75a [0.75 0.76] | 0.004 | 0.56a [0.56 0.57] | 0.003 | 3.88a [3.75 4.01] | 0.065 | 0.70a [0.70 0.71] | 0.003 | 1.21a [1.19 1.22] | 0.006 |
Tertiary Education | 0.60a [0.59 0.61] | 0.005 | 0.04a [0.03 0.04] | 0.001 | 8.91a [8.53 9.30] | 0.195 | 0.79a [0.78 0.81] | 0.007 | 2.11a [2.07 2.15] | 0.019 |
Respondent's Gender | ||||||||||
Male | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
Female | 1.18a [1.18 1.19] | 0.002 | 1.02a [1.02 1.02] | 0.002 | 1.43a [1.42 1.44] | 0.005 | 0.97a [0.97 0.97] | 0.002 | 1.17a [1.16 1.17] | 0.002 |
Household Size | 1.06a [1.06 1.06] | 0.000 | 1.04a [1.03 1.04] | 0.000 | 1.03a [1.02 1.03] | 0.001 | 1.11a [1.11 1.11] | 0.000 | 1.14a [1.13 1.14] | 0.000 |
Respondent’s Age | 1.01a [1.01 1.01] | 0.000 | 1.01a [1.01 1.01] | 0.000 | 1.02a [1.01 1.02] | 0.000 | 1.01a [1.01 1.01] | 0.000 | 0.99a [0.99 1.00] | 0.000 |