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Table 3 Univariate analysis for determinants of mental health of Thai Farmers classified by sociodemographic characteristics

From: Changes in agricultural context and mental health of farmers in different regions of Thailand during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Parameter

Stress

Anxiety

Depression

cOR

95%CI

cOR

95%CI

cOR

95%CI

Region

Central

3.30

2.41,4.79**

8.95

6.53,12.27**

9.23

6.69,12.73**

North

4.10

2.60,5.87**

1.14

0.83,1.57

0.94

0.70,1.25

South

3.39

2.41,4.79**

2.07

1.53,2.81**

2.42

1.83,3.12**

North-East (ref.)

      

Gender

Female

0.912

0.71,1.17

1.40

1.15,1.71**

1.34

1.11,1.63**

Male (ref.)

      

Age

≤ 45 years

1.02

0.79,1.30

2.76

2.25,3.38**

2.83

2.32,3.44**

> 45 years (ref.)

      

Marital status

Single/divorced

1.22

0.93,1.59

1.66

1.35,2.04**

1.58

1.29,1.94**

Married (ref.)

      

Monthly income

THB ≤ 5,000

1.46

1.14,1.87**

0.76

0.62,0.93**

0.69

0.57,0.83**

THB > 5,000 (ref.)

      

Education level

≥ Secondary education

1.27

0.99,1.63

2.07

1.69,2.54**

2.13

1.75,2.59**

≤ Primary education (ref.)

      

Comorbidity

Yes

0.95

0.72,1.25

0.87

0.69,1.09

0.99

0.80,1.23

No (ref.)

      

COVID-19 vaccination

No

1.62

0.87,3.01

0.73

0.47,1.13

0.64

0.42,0.97*

Yes (ref.)

      

Wearing a face mask

Always

1.41

1.01,1.97*

0.95

0.72,1.27

1.05

0.79,1.39

Sometimes/never (ref.)

      

Physical distancing

Always

1.23

0.94,1.59

0.95

0.77,1.19

1.00

0.81,1.24

Sometimes/never (ref.)

      

Cleaning hands with alcohol

≥3 times/day

1.79

1.38,2.35**

1.79

1.40,2.27**

1.65

1.32,2.07**

< 3 times/day (ref.)

      

Relationships with people around them

Decreased

2.99

1.65,3.17**

3.47

2.78,4.34**

3.20

2.55,4.02**

Unchanged/Increased (ref.)

     
  1. cOR crude odds ratio, 95%CI 95% confidence interval
  2. * P value < 0.05
  3. ** P value < 0.01