Nonconforming gender expression and insufficient sleep among adolescents during COVID-19 school closure and after school reopening

Table 5 Sex-specific associations of insufficient sleep with self-rated gender nonconformity among students during school reopening and after school reopening

Insufficient sleep	Self-rated gender nonconformity
	Low	Moderate			High
	%	%	AOR (95% CI)	P value	%	AOR (95% CI)	P value
AFAB Students
School closure	19.0	27.5	1.69(1.29–2.22)	< 0.001	28.4	1.73(1.23–2.44)	0.002
School reopening	70.0	70.2	0.98(0.65–1.47)	0.922	72.4	1.09(0.74–1.61)	0.662
AMAB Students
School closure	19.7	22.8	1.17(0.77–1.78)	0.465	17.6	0.88(0.31–2.52)	0.817
School reopening	58.0	59.3	0.99(0.77–1.28)	0.962	61.8	1.22(0.71–2.12)	0.468

Abbreviation: AOR adjusted odds ratio (adjusted for ethnicity, and grade, with low gender nonconformity being the referent group), CI confidence interval, AFAB assigned female at birth, AMAB assigned male at birth. We did not observe any difference of insufficient sleep between moderate and high gender nonconformity students

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