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Table 4 Sex-specific associations of insufficient sleep with self-perceived gender nonconformity among students during school reopening and after school reopening

From: Nonconforming gender expression and insufficient sleep among adolescents during COVID-19 school closure and after school reopening

Insufficient sleep

Self-perceived gender nonconformity

Low

Moderate

High

%

%

AOR (95% CI)

P value

%

AOR (95% CI)

P value

AFAB Students

  School closure

20.3

23.5

1.21(0.90–1.63)

0.203

29.1

1.65(1.30–2.09)

 < 0.001

  School reopening

70.8

69.7

0.91(0.64–1.31)

0.628

69.2

0.90(0.56–1.47)

0.684

AMAB Students

  School closure

20.0

18.6

0.89(0.55–1.43)

0.626

23.5

1.20(0.73–1.97)

0.478

  School reopening

58.3

56.4

0.88(0.71–1.08)

0.223

60.3

1.06(0.65–1.75)

0.805

  1. Abbreviation: AOR adjusted odds ratio (adjusted for ethnicity, and grade, with low gender nonconformity being the referent group), CI confidence interval, AFAB assigned female at birth, AMAB assigned male at birth. We did not observe any difference of insufficient sleep between moderate and high gender nonconformity students