Table 2 Factors associated with hypertension among adult urban slum dwellers in Bangladesh

Age in years

 35–44

Ref

Ref

 45–54

1.81 (1.32–2.49)

 < 0.001

1.64 (1.17–2.28)

0.004

 55–64

2.87 (2.07–3.99)

 < 0.001

2.47 (1.73–3.53)

 < 0.001

 ≥ 65

3.28 (2.18–4.93)

 < 0.001

2.34 (1.47–3.72)

 < 0.001

Gender

 Male

Ref

Ref

 Female

1.59 (1.24–2.03)

 < 0.001

1.04 (0.71–1.51)

0.856

Level of education

 No formal education

Ref

NA

 Primary incomplete

0.85 (0.58–1.22)

0.376

 Primary/secondary incomplete

0.97 (0.71–1.32)

0.834

 Secondary or higher

0.96 (0.60–1.53)

0.872

Occupation

 Unemployed

Ref

Ref

 Employed

0.52 (0.41–0.67)

 < 0.001

0.73 (0.50–1.06)

0.103

Current marital status

 Married

Ref

Ref

 Single

1.89 (1.37–2.61)

 < 0.001

1.18 (0.81–1.72)

0.375

Household wealth status ^a

 Poorest

Ref

Ref

 Poorer

1.30 (0.81–2.08)

0.273

1.29 (0.79–2.11)

0.310

 Middle

1.15 (0.70–1.89)

0.582

1.16 (0.69–1.97)

0.573

 Richer

2.10 (1.32–3.35)

0.002

1.94 (1.18–3.20)

0.009

 Richest

1.62 (1.00–2.63)

0.052

1.36 (0.80–2.29)

0.251

Locality

 Municipality

Ref

NA

 City corporation

1.14 (0.73–1.77)

0.576

Current smoker or smokeless tobacco user ^b

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.84 (0.65–1.09)

0.200

0.94 (0.71–1.25)

0.673

Daily sleep hours

 Less than 7 h

1.73 (1.31–2.28)

 < 0.001

1.87 (1.39–2.51)

 < 0.001

 7–9 h

Ref

 More than 9 h

1.35 (0.83–2.22)

0.228

1.15 (0.68–1.94)

0.593

Physical activity ^c

 Inactivity

Ref

NA

 Less activity

1.10 (0.82–1.47)

0.536

 Moderate to high activity

1.14 (0.78–1.67)

0.485

BMI ^d

 Underweight

0.94 (0.57–1.54)

0.801

1.02 (0.62–1.67)

0.950

 Normal

Ref

Ref

 Overweight

1.45 (1.04–2.03)

0.029

1.53 (1.09–2.14)

0.014

 Obese

2.38 (1.76–3.22)

 < 0.001

2.34 (1.71–3.20)

 < 0.001

Self-reported diabetes

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

4.18 (2.64–6.64)

 < 0.001

3.08 (1.88–5.04)

 < 0.001