Table 11 Full Model: Odds ratios of each pattern of violence. adjusted for all variables, Peru

Age (Ref: 40–49 years)

 15–29 years

1.37

(1.09–1.74)

(0.81–1.51)

(0.49–0.91)

 30–39 years

1.08

(0.87–1.34)

(0.80–1.40)

(0.68–1.14)

Education (Ref: Post-secondary)

 Primary or none

1.87

(1.44–2.42)

(1.03–2.01)

(0.73–1.53)

 Lower secondary

1.43

(1.07–1.92)

(0.90–1.81)

(0.77–1.64)

 Upper secondary

1.28

(1.04–1.58)

(0.87–1.50)

(0.78–1.37)

Household wealth (Ref: Richest)

 Poorest

0.99

(0.76–1.29)

(0.94–1.81)

(1.11–2.22)

 Middle

0.94

(0.75–1.17)

(0.74–1.37)

(0.96–1.77)

Urban residence (Ref: Rural)

1.08

(0.90–1.30)

(1.11–1.79)

(1.33–2.18)

Indigenous ethnicity (Ref: No)

0.63

(0.52–0.75)

(0.77–1.21)

(1.09–1.70)

Married/mother < 18 (Ref:18+)

1.00

(0.85–1.18)

(0.95–1.46)

(1.07–1.77)

2+ children aged 1–14 (Ref: 1)

1.54

(1.31–1.81)

(1.36–2.21)

(0.98–1.51)

Age of youngest eligible child (Ref: 1)

 2–5 years

1.76

(1.53–2.02)

(1.43–2.10)

(1.08–1.63)

 6–9 years

1.27

(1.03–1.57)

(1.07–1.88)

(1.09–1.92)

 10–14 years

0.75

(0.53–1.05)

(0.75–1.93)

(1.01–2.08)

Partner isolates her (Ref: No)

1.46

(1.04–2.04)

(4.45–8.08)

(4.53–8.18)

Partner drinks to excess (Ref: No)

1.10

(0.95–1.28)

(1.96–3.12)

(1.50–2.36)

Joint money decisions (Ref: No)

0.92

(0.78–1.08)

(0.59–0.95)

(0.62-0.96)

Shared chores

Not measured

Wife beating justified (Ref: No/DK)

1.49

(0.88–2.52)

(1.04–2.94)

(0.80–2.65)

Phys. punish. needed (Ref: No/DK)

4.53

(3.77–5.45)

(3.55–5.70)

(0.92–1.59)

Violence in her childhood (Ref: No)

 Caregiver violence only

2.57

(2.11–3.12)

(1.87–3.83)

(1.13–1.87)

 Co-occurrence

2.93

(2.39–3.60)

(3.64–7.20)

(2.31–3.96)

 Exposure to IPV only

1.68

(1.26–2.24)

(1.67–4.09)

(1.15–2.50)

Violence in partner’s childhood (Ref: No/DK)

 Caregiver violence only

Not measured

 Co-occurrence

Not measured

 Exposure to IPV only

Not measured