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Table 5 Decomposition estimates of physical frailty among older adults by their background characteristics in India, 2017–18

From: Wealth disparity and frailty among community-dwelling older adults in India

Background characteristics

Elasticity

CCI

Absolute contribution

Percentage contribution

Individual factors

 Age

  Young-old (60–69 years)

    

0.3

  Old-old (70–79 years)

0.029

−0.006

0.000

0.9

  Oldest-old (80+ years)

0.023

0.005

0.000

−0.5

 Sex

  Male

    

−0.5

  Female

−0.010

− 0.011

0.000

− 0.5

 Education

  No education/primary not completed

    

18.1

  Primary completed

0.002

0.161

0.000

−1.3

  Secondary completed

−0.006

0.369

− 0.002

11.0

  Higher and above

−0.003

0.601

−0.002

8.4

 Living arrangements

  Alone

    

9.8

  With spouse only

−0.008

−0.166

0.001

−6.4

  With children only

−0.035

0.098

−0.003

16.0

  Others

0.001

−0.091

0.000

0.2

 Marital status

  Currently married

    

0.7

  Widowed

0.009

−0.023

0.000

0.9

  Others

−0.001

−0.072

0.000

−0.3

 Working status

  Never worked

    

−19.0

  Currently working

−0.037

−0.165

0.006

−28.5

  Currently not working

0.023

−0.070

−0.002

7.4

  Retired

−0.001

0.458

0.000

2.1

 Social engagement

  No

    

4.8

  Yes

−0.040

0.026

−0.001

4.8

Behavioral factors

 Tobacco consumption

  No

    

−5.2

  Yes

−0.009

−0.130

0.001

−5.2

 Alcohol consumption

  No

    

0.0

  Yes

0.000

−0.081

0.000

0.0

Health factors

 Body mass index

  Underweight

    

45.2

  Normal

−0.030

−0.008

0.000

−1.1

  Overweight/obese

−0.021

0.334

−0.007

46.3

 Self-rated health

  Good

    

10.3

  Poor

0.036

−0.062

−0.002

10.3

 Difficulty in ADL

  No

    

5.3

  Yes

0.023

−0.051

−0.001

5.3

 Difficulty in IADL

  No

    

5.7

  Yes

0.023

−0.052

−0.001

5.7

 Morbidity status

  0

    

−10.5

  1

0.005

0.039

0.000

−0.8

  2+

0.010

0.209

0.002

−9.7

Household factors

 Wealth Index

  Poorest

    

28.4

  Poorer

−0.003

−0.307

0.001

−4.7

  Middle

−0.003

0.058

0.000

0.9

  Richer

−0.004

0.415

−0.002

8.3

  Richest

−0.007

0.770

−0.005

23.9

 Religion

  Hindu

    

0.5

  Muslim

0.003

0.012

0.000

−0.2

  Christian

0.000

0.010

0.000

0.0

  Others

−0.001

0.212

0.000

0.7

 Caste

  Scheduled Caste

    

2.6

  Scheduled Tribe

0.000

−0.351

0.000

−0.7

  Other Backward Class

−0.005

0.019

0.000

0.4

  Others

−0.003

0.213

−0.001

2.9

 Place of residence

  Rural

    

−10.9

  Urban

0.005

0.452

0.002

−10.9

 Region

  North

    

14.4

  Central

0.008

−0.187

−0.002

7.1

  East

0.010

−0.215

− 0.002

10.4

  Northeast

−0.001

−0.013

0.000

0.0

  West

−0.004

0.097

0.000

2.0

  South

0.006

0.175

0.001

−5.0

Calculated CCI

  

−0.022

100.0

Actual CCI

  

−0.058

  

Residual

  

−0.036

  
  1. CCI Concentration index