Table 2 Logistic regression of factors associated with adopting COVID-19 prevention measures (social distancing, difficulty obtaining face mask, difficulty washing hands often and work remotely) by adults in West Africa (N = 5050)

Age

1.025 (1.022–1.028)

< 0.001

0.980 (0.975 – 0.985)

< 0.001

0.969 (0.962–0.977)

< 0.001

1.011 (1.009–1.014)

< 0.001

Gender

 None males (Ref: Males)

0.990 (0.925–1.059)

0.762

0.897 (0.797-`1.009)

0.070

0.783 (0.671–0.914)

0.002

1.052 (0.985–1.124)

0.132

Educational status (Ref: No formal education)

 Primary

1.731 (1.218–2.460)

0.002

0.595 (0.294–1.203)

0.149

1.290 (0.500–3.328)

0.598

0.846 (0.561–1.275)

0.424

 Secondary

6.139 (4.589–8.212)

 < 0.001

0.922 (0.559–1.523)

0.752

1.490 (0.686–3.238)

0.314

1.388 (1.014–1.901)

0.041

 Tertiary

9.174 (6.901–12.196)

 < 0.001

1.302 (0.802–2.114)

0.285

1.899 (0.889–4.058)

0.098

2.601 (1.918–3.529)

< 0.001

Employment status

 Job loss (Ref: No)

1.341 (1.192–1.508)

< 0.001

1.437 (1.205–1.715)

< 0.001

1.121 (0.876–1.436)

0.364

0.872 (0.776–0.980)

0.022

 Reduced wages (Ref: No)

1.609 (1.476–1.755)

< 0.001

1.362 (1.192–1.557)

 < 0.001

1.324 (1.108–1.582)

0.002

1.536 (1.421–1.659)

< 0.001

 Living with others (Ref: Yes)

1.027 (0.936–1.126)

0.573

1.037 (0.884–1.217)

0.653

1.081 (0.877–1.333)

0.464

1.085 (0.993–1.187)

0.072

COVID-19 health risk profile (Ref: Little or no risk)

 Moderate risk

1.144 (1.003–1.304)

0.045

1.227 (0.984–1.529)

0.069

0.775 (0.554–1.085)

0.138

1.049 (0.931–1.182)

0.435

 High risk

0.889 (0.760–1.039)

0.139

1.281 (0.977–1.680)

0.073

1.910 (1.387–2.632)

 < 0.001

1.055 (0.910–1.224)

0.476

Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection

 I have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (Ref: No)

0.629 (0.542–0.731)

 < 0.001

0.713 (0.536–0.948)

0.020

0.730 (0.501–1.063)

0.101

0.773 (0.659–0.907)

0.002

 Had symptoms but did not get tested for SARS-CoV-2 (Ref: No)

0.783 (0.708–0.866)

 < 0.001

1.277 (1.081–1.509)

0.004

1.184 (0.948–1.478)

0.136

0.901 (0.812–0.999)

0.049

 Have a close friend who tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 (Ref: No)

1.132 (1.050–1.220)

0.001

1.077 (0.947–1.224)

0.260

1.056 (0.890–1253)

0.529

1.049 (0.976–1.127)

0.190

 Know someone who died of COVID-19 (Ref: No)

1.094 (1.020–1.174)

0.012

1.024 (0.906–1.159)

0.701

1.033 (0.877–1.216)

0.699

1.036 (0.967–1.109)

0.313

HIV status

 Living with HIV (Ref: Not living with HIV)

0.871 (0.758–1.002)

0.053

0.981 (0.754–1.277)

0.886

1.041 (0.739–1.467)

0.817

0.483 (0.410–0.568)

 < 0.001

Depression (Ref: No)

1.090 (0.929–1.278)

0.291

1.341 (1.044–1.722)

0.022

1.923 (1.348–2.744)

 < 0.001

1.263 (1.090–1.464)

0.002