Table 3 Factors associated with acute respiratory infection symptoms among under-five in sub-Saharan Africa

Residence

 Urban

1

1

1

1

1

 Rural

1.28 (1.24, 1.33)

1.30 (1.26, 1.35)

1.17 (1.12, 1.22)

1.11 (1.06, 1.16

1.25 (1.20, 1.32)^**

Sex of child

 Male

1

1

1

1

 Female

0.95 (0.92, 0.98)

0.95 (0.92, 0.98)

0.95 (0.92, 0.98)

0.95 (0.92, 0.98)^*

Child age (in months)

 < 12

1

1

1

1

 12–23

0.86 (0.82, 0.90)

0.85 (0.81, 0.89)

0.89 (0.85, 0.94)

0.84 (0.80, 1.03)

 24–35

0.84 (0.80, 0.88)

0.83 (0.79, 0.87)

0.87 (0.83, 0.92)

0.83 (0.79, 1.01)

 36–47

1.42 (1.34, 1.51)

1.44 (1.36, 1.53)

1.54 (1.46, 1.64)

1.29 (1.21, 1.37)^*

 48–59

1.32 (1.25, 1.41)

1.32 (1.24, 1.40)

1.42 (1.33, 1.51)

1.19 (1.12, 1.26)^*

Type of birth

 Single

1

1

1

1

 Multiple

0.90 (0.82, 0.99)

0.95 (0.86, 1.05)

0.95 (0.86, 1.05)

0.94 (0.85, 1.04)

Child size at birth

 Average

1

1

1

1

 Small

1.57 (1.50, 1.64)

1.41 (1.35, 1.47)

1.41 (1.35, 1.47)

1.39 (1.33, 1.45)^**

 Large

1.35 (1.30, 1.40)

1.35 (1.30, 1.40)

1.35 (1.30, 1.40)

1.28 (1.23, 1.32)^**

Stunting

 Normal

1

1

1

1

 Moderate

0.93 (0.88, 0.98)

0.93 (0.87, 0.98)

0.92 (0.87, 1.04)

0.93 (0.87, 1.12)

 Severe

0.89 (0.82, 0.95)

0.88 (0.81, 0.95)

0.87 (0.81, 0.99)

0.84 (0.78, 1.03)

Underweight

 Normal

1

1

1

1

 Moderate

1.06 (0.98, 1.14)

1.04 (0.96, 1.12)

1.04 (0.97, 1.12)

1.04 (0.97, 1.25)

 Severe

1.21 (1.08, 1.35)

1.19 (1.06, 1.33)

1.18 (1.05, 1.33)

1.19 (1.06, 1.34)^*

Wasting

 Normal

1

1

1

1

 Moderate

1.12 (1.02, 1.24)

1.14 (1.02, 1.26)

1.14 (1.03, 1.27)

1.13 (1.02, 1.26)^**

 Severe

1.06 (0.97, 1.17)

1.13 (1.02, 1.24)

1.13 (1.03, 1.25)

1.14 (1.04, 1.26)^**

Breastfeeding

 Never breastfeed

1

1

1

1

 Ever breastfeed

1.43 (1.34, 1.53)

0.81 (0.72, 0.90)

0.80 (0.72, 0.90)

0.73 (0.66, 0.82)^*

Vitamin A supplementation

 Yes

1

1

1

1

 No

1.26 (1.22, 1.30)

1.31 (1.26, 1.36)

1.31 (1.27, 1.36)

1.45 (1.40, 1.50)^**

Had diarrhea in the last two weeks

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

2.04 (1.97, 2.12)

2.04 (1.96, 2.11)

2.04 (1.97, 2.12)

1.98 (1.91, 2.05)^**

Ever had vaccination

 Yes

1

1

1

1

 No

3.13 (2.99, 3.28)

3.16 (3.01, 3.32)

3.33 (3.17, 3.49)

2.77 (2.64, 2.90)^*

Maternal educational status

 No

1

1

1

 Primary

1.05 (1.01, 1.09)

1.06 (1.02, 1.10)

0.95 (0.91, 0.99)^*

 Secondary

0.88 (0.84, 0.92

0.90 (0.86, 0.95)

0.74 (0.70, 0.78)^*

 Higher

0.57 (0.51, 0.65)

0.62 (0.54, 0.70)

0.54 (0.48, 0.62)^*

Place of delivery

 Home

1

1

1

 Health facility

0.80 (0.77, 0.83)

0.86 (0.82,0.89)

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

Working status

 No

1

1

1

 Yes

0.98 (0.95, 1.02)

0.98 (0.95, 1.02)

0.99 (0.95, 1.02)

Media exposure

 Yes

1

1

 No

1.14 (1.10, 1.19)

1.19 (1.15, 1.24)^*

Household wealth status

 Poorest

1

1

 Poorer

0.87 (0.83, 0.91)

0.87 (0.83, 0.92)^*

 Middle

0.81 (0.77, 0.86)

0.84 (0.80, 0.89)^*

 Richer

0.78 (0.74, 0.82)

0.85 (0.80, 0.89)^*

 Richest

0.73 (0.68, 0.78)

0.85 (0.79, 0.91)^*

Sub-Saharan Africa region

 East Africa

1

 West Africa

1.72 (1.57, 1.88)^*

 Southern Africa

0.96 (0.92, 1.01)

 Central Africa

2.16 (2.06, 2.26)^*

 LLR

-57,818/342

-57,726.622

-54,432.061

52,074.165

52,001.92

51,335.396

 Deviance

115,636.684

115,453.244

108,864.122

104,148.330

104,003.84

102,670.792