Table 5 Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk factors of progression from prehypertension to hypertension among men

Age group

 45–54

Ref

 55–64

0.347

0.161

0.031

1.414(1.032–1.938)

 65–74

0.490

0.187

0.009

1.633(1.132–2.355)

 ≥ 75

1.090

0.271

 < 0.001

2.974(1.748–5.060)

Marital status

 Single

Ref

 Married or cohabiting

-0.444

0.219

0.042

0.642(0.418–0.985)

Region

 Urban

Ref

 Rural

-0.070

0.196

0.721

0.932(0.634–1.370)

Education

 Primary and lower

Ref

 Junior/secondary/vocational school

-0.192

0.141

0.173

0.825(0.625–1.088)

 College and higher

-0.130

0.420

0.756

0.878(0.385–2.001)

Alcohol habits

 No

Ref

 Yes

-0.173

0.143

0.225

0.841(0.636–1.112)

Current smoking

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.076

0.127

0.548

1.079(0.842–1.384)

Social activity

 No

Ref

 Yes

-0.102

0.131

0.437

0.903(0.698–1.168)

BMI

 Normal

Ref

 Underweight

-0.300

0.322

0.351

0.741(0.394–1.391)

 Overweight

-0.043

0.170

0.800

0.958(0.687–1.336)

 Obese

0.491

0.239

0.040

1.634(1.022–2.611)

Abdominal obesity

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.243

0.161

0.130

1.276(0.931–1.747)

Health status

 Good

Ref

 Fair

0.181

0.155

0.240

1.199(0.886–1.623)

 Poor

0.239

0.213

0.262

1.271(0.836–1.93)

Chronic disease

 0

Ref

 1

0.312

0.157

0.047

1.366(1.004–1.859)

 ≥ 2

0.450

0.165

0.007

1.568(1.134–2.169)

Sleep duration

 ≥ 7and < 8

Ref

 < 6

-0.044

0.185

0.811

0.957(0.666–1.374)

 ≥ 6and < 7

-0.110

0.184

0.549

0.896(0.625–1.284)

 ≥ 8and < 9

-0.017

0.199

0.931

0.983(0.665–1.452)

 ≥ 9

-0.181

0.302

0.548

0.834(0.461–1.508)

Nap time

 0

Ref

 0 > and < 30

0.238

0.251

0.343

1.269(0.776–2.074)

 ≥ 30 and < 60

0.119

0.232

0.608

1.126(0.715–1.774)

 ≥ 60

0.077

0.143

0.591

1.080(0.816–1.428)