Table 1 Descriptive statistics of key variables

Child is female

14.27

28.17

57.57

Child is male

14.39

28.81

56.80

Child’s age (in months)

34.21

33.19

33.41

Child’s birth-order 1^st

10.58

27.40

62.02

Child’s birth order: 2^nd

11.04

26.03

62.93

Child’s birth-order: 3^rd

19.60

31.05

49.35

Mother’s age

 Mother’s age: 15–19

19.77

37.12

43.11

 Mother’s age: 20–29

13.43

28.80

57.78

 Mother’s age: 30 + 

14.98

27.73

57.29

Mother’s education

 No education

38.80

31.35

29.85

 Primary

18.45

32.15

49.40

 Secondary

6.07

25.01

68.92

 Higher

3.73

17.51

78.76

Number of under 5 children

1.55

1.36

1.30

Media access: no

35.28

29.15

35.57

Media access: yes

11.61

28.41

59.99

Mother’s use of maternal healthcare services

 Home delivery

19.84

31.87

48.29

 Institutional delivery

5.37

23.00

71.63

 Mother had 3 or fewer ANC visits

35.77

32.99

31.24

 Mother had 4 + ANC visits

7.59

27.08

65.34

 Mother used any PNC/ANC services: no

54.00

25.91

20.09

 Mother used any PNC/ANC services: yes

9.88

28.78

61.34

Father’s education

 No education

37.63

30.20

32.18

 Primary

19.50

31.92

48.58

 Secondary

7.71

26.23

66.06

 Higher

3.50

18.28

78.22

Mother's occupation

 Not working

13.61

28.73

57.66

 Professional

4.64

19.61

75.75

 Agricultural

23.92

31.65

44.43

 Industrial

11.46

27.92

60.62

 Clerical, sales, services

9.20

26.65

64.15

Father's occupation

 Not working

16.60

30.03

53.37

 Professional

5.10

21.70

73.20

 Agricultural

22.40

30.88

46.72

 Industrial

10.33

28.99

60.68

 Clerical, sales, services

9.83

26.64

63.53

Household headed by a female

14.00

30.40

55.60

Household headed by a male

14.35

28.38

57.27

Rural household

18.41

30.00

51.59

Urban household

7.62

26.01

66.37

Wealth quintile

 Poorest

22.90

31.38

45.72

 Poorer

17.27

30.55

52.17

 Middle

14.07

28.81

57.12

 Richer

9.97

27.46

62.57

 Richest

6.38

23.77

69.85

Number of observations

11,309

19,890

42,515