Table 5 Effects of different air pollution indicators on refraining from visiting health facilities

PM₁₀

0.0005^c

(0.000)

PM_2.5: ≤35

1

PM_2.5: >35

0.049^c

(0.008)

AQI: 0–50

1

AQI: 51–100

0.049^c

(0.010)

AQI: >100

0.047^c

(0.016)

Sex: Male vs. Female

0.008

(0.007)

0.009

(0.007)

0.009

(0.007)

Age (Years): ≤20

1

1

1

 21–40

-0.030

(0.022)

-0.027

(0.022)

-0.024

(0.022)

 41–60

-0.034

(0.023)

-0.032

(0.023)

-0.028

(0.023)

 > 60

-0.042

(0.029)

-0.040

(0.029)

-0.036

(0.028)

Education: None

1

1

1

 Primary school

-0.029

(0.020)

-0.030

(0.020)

-0.030

(0.020)

 Middle school

-0.021

(0.020)

-0.023

(0.020)

-0.020

(0.020)

 High school or above

0.002

(0.021)

0.000

(0.021)

0.005

(0.021)

Distance of migration: Inter-provincial

1

1

1

 Inter-municipal

-0.011

(0.009)

-0.007

(0.009)

-0.008

(0.009)

 Inter-county

-0.014

(0.010)

-0.011

(0.010)

-0.013

(0.010)

Basic medical insurance: Yes vs. No

0.005

(0.013)

0.006

(0.013)

0.005

(0.013)

Annual household income (Yuan): ≤10,000

1

1

1

 10,001–20,000

-0.027^b

(0.013)

-0.031^b

(0.014)

-0.029^b

(0.014)

 20,001–30,000

-0.005

(0.014)

-0.011

(0.015)

-0.008

(0.015)

 30,001–40,000

0.008

(0.016)

-0.012

(0.016)

-0.007

(0.016)

 > 40,000

0.008

(0.016)

-0.001

(0.016)

0.005

(0.016)

Weekly work hours

0.013

(0.008)

0.016^b

(0.008)

0.013^a

(0.008)

Walking distance to nearest health facility (Minutes)

0.005

(0.010)

0.008

(0.010)

0.006

(0.010)

Sense of local belonging: Yes vs. No

-0.021^b

(0.008)

-0.020^b

(0.008)

-0.019^b

(0.008)

Attending community health education over the past year: Yes vs. No

-0.038^c

(0.008)

-0.037^c

(0.008)

-0.036^c

(0.008)

Self-rated health: Good vs. Poor

0.041^c

(0.015)

0.040^c

(0.015)

0.040^c

(0.015)

Hypertension/Diabetes: Yes vs. No

-0.040^c

(0.014)

-0.040^c

(0.014)

-0.040^c

(0.014)