Table 2 Types and examples of barriers and facilitators investigated
From: Barriers and facilitators of domain-specific physical activity: a systematic review of reviews
Barriers and facilitators | Examples of factors investigated by the selected reviews |
|---|---|
Intrapersonal factors | |
 Availability of personal equipment | Bicycle ownership, equipment for physical activity |
 Better skills | Motor skills, objective capacity to walk |
 Pleasure and fun with physical activity | Pleasure, enjoyment |
 Higher motivation and having goals | Intention, goal setting |
 Lack of time and presence of concurrent behaviours | Preference for sedentary behaviour, lack of time |
 Lower costs | Discretionary income, subscription fees |
 More positive beliefs about capabilities | Self-efficacy, perceived behaviour control |
 More positive beliefs about consequences | Attitude, perceived benefits |
 More/Better knowledge | Knowledge about exercise or health benefits |
 Negative emotions | Discomfort, pain |
 Positive past experiences | Past physical activity behaviour and experiences |
 Worse health condition | Self-rated health, nutritional status |
Social environment and interpersonal factors | |
 Better/More positive general social support | Interpersonal influences, social support |
 Better/More positive social norms | Social practices, social norms |
 Better/More positive support from family | Support from parents or partners |
 Better/More positive support from friends | Peer support or pressure, time spent with friends |
 Better/More positive support from others | Support from school or health service staff |
 Higher physical activity of friends and family | Perceived physical activity habits of parents or friends |
 Worse perceived safety | Crime-related safety, parent’s safety concerns |
Built environment factors | |
 Better general urban design and built environment | Residential or commercial density, city type |
 Better land use mix | Objective or perceived land-use mix |
 Better quality and condition of places | Aesthetics, maintenance |
 Better road safety | Traffic speed, safe pedestrian crossing |
 Better street connectivity | Objective or perceived street connectivity |
 Better public transport provision | Convenience or coverage of public transport |
 Better walkability | Objective or perceived walkability |
 Existence of active travel infrastructure | Availability of cycling or walking infrastructure |
 Existence of facilities within places | Play parks, amenities |
 Existence of, shorter distance to, and better access to places | Distance to destinations, perceived access to facilities |
Programmatic factors | |
 Better quality of instructors | Instructor’s leadership or feedback quality |
 Better quality of physical activity programs | Number of activities, tailoring to participants’ skill level |
 Longer recess duration | More or longer school recesses |
 Participation in supervised activities | Involvement in structured activities |