Table 7 Food consumption details and food security before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Food consumption details

Number of meals a child eats per day^a

 One meal

4 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

0.12

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.06

4 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

0.01

0.13 (0.04–0.23)

0.01

 Two meals

15 (2.1)

14 (2.9)

4 (1.1)

9 (3.7)

11 (3.1)

5 (2.1)

 Three meals

441 (61.7)

267 (55.0)

216 (60.7)

89 (36.5)

225 (62.7)

178 (73.9)

 Four meals

222 (31.0)

200 (41.2)

119 (33.4)

144 (59.0)

103 (28.7)

56 (23.2)

 Five meals

31 (4.3)

3 (0.6)

15 (4.2)

2 (0.8)

16 (4.5)

1 (0.4)

 Six meals

2 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

2 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.4)

Beans, peas or lentils^a

 three times per day

14 (2.0)

1 (0.2)

0.01

7 (2.0)

1 (0.4)

0.01

7 (2.0)

0 (0.0)

0.01

6.14 (5.10–7.18)

0.01

 twice per day

2 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

1 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.3)

1 (0.4)

 once per day

0 (0.0)

8 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

6 (2.5)

 every second day

7 (1.0)

56 (11.5)

1 (0.3)

18 (7.4)

6 (1.7)

38 (15.7)

 two times per week

12 (1.7)

159 (32.7)

1 (0.3)

59 (24.2)

11 (3.1)

100 (41.3)

 once per week

348 (48.7)

255 (52.5)

147 (41.3)

162 (66.4)

201 (56.0)

93 (38.4)

 less than once per week

319 (44.6)

6 (1.2)

195 (54.8)

2 (0.8)

124 (34.5)

4 (1.7)

 not at all

13 (1.8)

0 (0.0)

4 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

9 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

Dairy products (milk, yoghurt)^a

 three times per day

14 (2.0)

10 (2.1)

0.01

7 (2.0)

9 (3.7)

0.12

7 (2.0)

1 (0.4)

0.01

1.23 (-0.58-3.03)

0.18

 twice per day

331 (46.3)

68 (14.0)

175 (49.2)

38 (15.6)

156 (43.5)

30 (12.4)

 once per day

49 (6.8)

69 (14.2)

13 (3.6)

41 (16.8)

36 (10.0)

28 (11.6)

 every second day

68 (9.5)

49 (10.1)

42 (11.8)

26 (10.7)

26 (7.2)

23 (9.5)

 two times per week

27 (3.8)

44 (9.0)

17 (4.8)

12 (4.9)

10 (2.8)

32 (13.2)

 once per week

8 (1.1)

166 (34.2)

4 (1.1)

81 (33.2)

4 (1.1)

85 (35.1)

 less than once per week

127 (17.8)

79 (16.3)

65 (18.3)

37 (15.2)

62 (17.3)

42 (17.4)

 not at all

91 (12.7)

1 (0.2)

33 (9.3)

0 (0.0)

58 (16.2)

1 (0.4)

Meat or fish^a

 three times per day

5 (0.7)

3 (0.6)

0.01

1 (0.3)

2 (0.8)

0.01

4 (1.1)

1 (0.4)

0.01

2.71 (1.05–4.37)

0.01

 twice per day

170 (23.8)

90 (18.5)

53 (14.9)

31 (12.7)

117 (32.6)

59 (24.4)

 once per day

90 (12.6)

189 (38.9)

33 (9.3)

91 (37.3)

57 (15.9)

98 (40.5)

 every second day

302 (42.2)

119 (24.5)

169 (47.5)

72 (29.5)

133 (37.0)

47 (19.4)

 two times per week

60 (8.4)

49 (10.1)

41 (11.5)

31 (12.7)

19 (5.3)

18 (7.4)

 once per week

58 (8.1)

22 (4.5)

32 (9.0)

11 (4.5)

26 (7.2)

11 (4.6)

 less than once per week

25 (3.5)

14 (2.9)

22 (6.2)

6 (2.5)

3 (0.8)

8 (3.3)

 not at all

5 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

5 (1.4)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Leafy green vegetables^a

 three times per day

96 (13.4)

28 (5.8)

0.01

78 (21.9)

18 (7.4)

0.01

18 (5.0)

10 (4.1)

0.58

3.57 (1.88–5.26)

0.01

 twice per day

4 (0.6)

23 (4.7)

2 (0.6)

14 (5.7)

2 (0.6)

9 (3.7)

 once per day

5 (0.7)

33 (6.8)

4 (1.1)

12 (4.9)

1 (0.3)

21 (8.7)

 every second day

11 (1.5)

65 (13.4)

5 (1.4)

30 (12.3)

6 (1.7)

35 (14.5)

 two times per week

13 (1.8)

170 (35.0)

4 (1.1)

67 (27.5)

9 (2.5)

103 (42.6)

 once per week

419 (58.6)

165 (34.0)

173 (48.6)

101 (41.4)

246 (68.5)

64 (26.5)

 less than once per week

160 (22.4)

2 (0.4)

87 (24.4)

2 (0.8)

73 (20.3)

0 (0.0)

 not at all

7 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

4 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

Fruit^a

 three times per day

34 (4.8)

24 (4.9)

0.01

13 (3.7)

4 (1.6)

0.01

21 (5.9)

20 (8.3)

0.01

3.39 (1.68–5.10)

0.01

 twice per day

645 (90.2)

96 (19.7)

314 (88.2)

51 (20.9)

331 (92.2)

45 (18.6)

 once per day

3 (0.4)

109 (22.4)

0 (0.0)

48 (19.7)

3 (0.8)

61 (25.2)

 every second day

11 (1.5)

74 (15.2)

9 (2.5)

38 (15.6)

2 (0.6)

36 (14.9)

 two times per week

6 (0.8)

78 (16.1)

6 (1.7)

36 (14.8)

0 (0.0)

42 (17.4)

 once per week

2 (0.3)

77 (15.8)

2 (0.6)

49 (20.1)

0 (0.0)

28 (11.6)

 less than once per week

9 (1.3)

26 (5.3)

8 (2.2)

16 (6.6)

1 (0.3)

10 (4.1)

 not at all

5 (0.7)

2 (0.4)

4 (1.1)

2 (0.8)

1 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

Harvest sufficient to meet household’s yearly food requirements^b

 No

250 (35.0)

458 (94.2)

0.01

96 (27.0)

238 (97.5)

0.01

154 (42.9)

220 (90.9)

0.01

3.11 (0.09-102.59)

0.52

 Yes

465 (65.0)

28 (5.8)

260 (73.0)

6 (2.5)

205 (57.1)

22 (9.1)

Requirement to buy extra food^a

 Do not produce own food

0 (0.0)

11 (2.4)

0.89

0 (0.0)

1 (0.4)

0.01

0 (0.0)

10 (4.6)

0.30

2.44 (1.29–3.61)

0.01

 Upto 3 months

90 (19.4)

142 (31.0)

55 (21.1)

74 (31.1)

35 (17.1)

68 (30.9)

 3 to 6 months

135 (29.0)

61 (13.3)

83 (31.9)

45 (18.9)

52 (25.4)

16 (7.3)

 More than 6 months

200 (43.0)

195 (42.6)

113 (43.5)

105 (44.1)

87 (42.4)

90 (40.9)

 Do not need to buy any food

40 (8.6)

49 (10.7)

9 (3.5)

13 (5.5)

31 (15.1)

36 (16.4)