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Table 2 Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for dyslipidemia according to quartiles of urinary metabolites of benzene and toluene among Korean adults (n = 3423)

From: Association of metabolites of benzene and toluene with lipid profiles in Korean adults: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2015–2017)

 

Hypercholesterolemia

(≥ 240 mg/dL)

Hypertriglyceridemia

(≥ 200 mg/dL)

Low level of HDL-C

(< 40 mg/dL for males and < 50 mg/dL for females)

aHigh level of LDL-C (≥ 130 mg/dL)

 

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Urinary ttMA

        

Q1

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Q2

1.269 (0.805–2.001)

1.194 (0.745–1.919)

1.610 (1.233–2.101)

1.433 (1.107–1.856)

1.093 (0.821–1.455)

1.047 (0.771–1.422)

0.827 (0.568–1.204)

0.774 (0.528–1.134)

Q3

0.857 (0.546–1.345)

0.867 (0.556–1.353)

1.547 (1.164–2.055)

1.397 (1.037–1.881)

0.852 (0.641–1.133)

0.813 (0.605–1.092)

0.692 (0.485–0.987)

0.681 (0.475–0.976)

Q4

0.886 (0.580–1.403)

0.878 (0.545–1.417)

1.750 (1.383–2.213)

1.599 (1.231–2.077)

1.035 (0.758–1.414)

1.069 (0.771–1.482)

0.637 (0.439–0.925)

0.654 (0.446–0.961)

p for trend

0.158

0.215

0.055

0.087

0.676

0.953

0.017

0.053

Urinary BMA

        

Q1

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Q2

1.025 (0.654–1.607)

1.013 (0.657–1.561)

1.128 (0.857–1.484)

1.486 (1.105–1.998)

1.065 (0.796–1.425)

0.906 (0.678–1.212)

0.841 (0.612–1.155)

0.806 (0.581–1.119)

Q3

0.817 (0.499–1.336)

0.753 (0.460–1.230)

1.195 (0.891–1.604)

1.579 (1.129–2.208)

1.124 (0.835–1.514)

0.780 (0.589–1.033)

0.736 (0.516–1.050)

0.619 (0.430–0.889)

Q4

0.809 (0.490–1.334)

0.770 (0.459–1.294)

0.989 (0.722–1.353)

1.338 (0.946–1.894)

1.258 (0.962–1.646)

0.812 (0.623–1.058)

0.785 (0.533–1.154)

0.668 (0.440–1.015)

p for trend

0.241

0.192

0.559

0.821

0.088

0.180

0.398

0.109

aParticipants with TG levels > 400 mg/dL were excluded from LDL-C analysis (n = 3230).

Adjusted model was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education level, marital status, household income level, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise.

ttMA, trans,trans-muconic acid; BMA, benzylmercapturic acid; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; TG: triglyceride