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Table 3 Multilevel regression analyses while adjusting for mediator: number of days mental health not good among participants in the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

From: Sleepless in inequality: findings from the 2018 behavioral risk factor surveillance system, a cross-sectional study

 

< 7 h of sleep

< 5 h of sleep

 

Adjusted

Adjusted + Interaction

Adjusted

Adjusted + Interaction

 

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

Intercept

0.34

(0.29, 0.41)

0.34

(0.29, 0.41)

0.02

(0.02, 0.03)

0.03

(0.02, 0.03)

State Characteristics

        

Gini (Z-Score)

1.06

(0.99, 1.12)

1.04

(0.98, 1.11)

1.09

(1.01, 1.17)

1.05

(0.97, 1.12)

State Median Income (Z-Score)

0.98

(0.93, 1.03)

0.98

(0.93, 1.03)

0.97

(0.90, 1.05)

0.97

(0.90, 1.05)

Population Size (Z-Score)

0.99

(0.96, 1.02)

0.99

(0.96, 1.02)

0.97

(0.93, 1.02)

0.97

(0.93, 1.02)

Proportion Black (Z-Score)

1.01

(0.96, 1.05)

1.01

(0.96, 1.05)

1.02

(0.96, 1.09)

1.02

(0.96, 1.09)

Proportion in Poverty (Z-Score)

0.98

(0.92, 1.05)

0.98

(0.92, 1.05)

0.97

(0.87, 1.07)

0.97

(0.87, 1.07)

Individual Characteristics

        

Gender (ref: male)

    

Female

0.88

(0.86, 0.90)

0.87

(0.85, 0.89)

0.83

(0.77, 0.91)

0.80

(0.75, 0.86)

Gini Z-Score

  

1.02

(1.00, 1.04)

  

1.08

(1.03, 1.14)

Age (ref: 18 to 24 years)

    

25 to 44 years

1.46

(1.36, 1.57)

1.46

(1.36, 1.57)

1.54

(1.37, 1.74)

1.55

(1.37, 1.74)

45 to 64 years

1.42

(1.30, 1.55)

1.42

(1.30, 1.55)

1.66

(1.46, 1.89)

1.66

(1.46, 1.89)

65 years and older

0.91

(0.80, 1.05)

0.91

(0.80, 1.05)

1.14

(0.94, 1.38)

1.14

(0.94, 1.38)

Household Income (ref:: high)

    

Medium

1.04

(0.99, 1.10)

1.04

(0.99, 1.10)

1.23

(1.12, 1.36)

1.23

(1.11, 1.36)

Low

1.03

(0.97, 1.09)

1.03

(0.97, 1.09)

1.73

(1.56, 1.92)

1.73

(1.57, 1.92)

Education (ref: no high school)

    

High school

1.11

(1.03, 1.19)

1.11

(1.03, 1.19)

0.83

(0.69, 0.99)

0.83

(0.69, 0.99)

Attended college

1.12

(1.02,1.22)

1.12

(1.02, 1.22)

0.77

(0.65, 0.91)

0.77

(0.65, 0.90)

College Graduate

0.80

(0.73, 0.89)

0.80

(0.73, 0.89)

0.49

(0.40, 0.59)

0.49

(0.40, 0.59)

Race (ref: White, Non-Hispanic)

    

Black, Non-Hispanic

1.58

(1.47, 1.70)

1.58

(1.47, 1.70)

1.42

(1.31, 1.54)

1.42

(1.31, 1.54)

Asian, Non-Hispanic

1.42

(1.10, 1.82)

1.42

(1.10, 1.82)

1.54

(1.33, 1.78)

1.54

(1.33, 1.78)

American Indian/Alaskan Native, Non-Hispanic

1.37

(1.22, 1.54)

1.37

(1.22, 1.54)

1.72

(1.40, 2.13)

1.72

(1.39, 2.13)

Hispanic

1.00

(0.94, 1.05)

1.00

(0.94, 1.05)

0.94

(0.85, 1.04)

0.94

(0.85, 1.04)

Other race, Non-Hispanic

1.43

(1.33, 1.54)

1.43

(1.33, 1.54)

1.71

(1.55, 1.88)

1.71

(1.55, 1.88)

Marital status (ref: coupled)

    

Single

1.13

(1.10, 1.17)

1.13

(1.10, 1.17)

1.27

(1.18, 1.37)

1.27

(1.18, 1.37)

Setting (ref: Rural)

    

Urban

0.94

(0.87, 1.01)

0.94

(0.87, 1.01)

0.81

(0.70, 0.95)

0.81

(0.70, 0.95)

Number of days mental health not good (ref: none)

        

1 to 13 days

1.40

(1.34, 1.46)

1.40

(1.34, 1.46)

1.29

(1.20, 1.38)

1.29

(1.20, 1.38)

≥ 14 days

2.54

(2.45, 2.63)

2.54

(2.45, 2.63)

3.84

(3.55, 4.16)

3.84

(3.55, 4.17)