| Alcohol consumption (among males)1 | Alcohol consumption (among females)2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Never 99(24.1%) | Light-to-moderate 218(53.0%) | Heavy 94(22.9%) | P | Never 143(53.2%) | Light-to-moderate 117(43.5%) | Heavy 9(3.3%) |  P |
Ethanol | 0 | 6.66 ± 6.70 | 61.02 ± 52.15 | <0.0001 | 0 | 6.39 ± 6.49 | 60.12 ± 51.11 | <0.0001 |
Age (y) | 60.11 ± 9.51 | 61.07 ± 7.73 | 60.12 ± 7.47 | 0.492 | 57.92 ± 9.42 | 53.12 ± 8.79 | 55.44 ± 11.05 | 0.002 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.71 ± 3.41 | 25.80 ± 6.46 | 25.73 ± 3.51 | 0.986 | 24.99 ± 3.25 | 24.26 ± 2.77 | 26.67 ± 3.76 | 0.032 |
Physical activity (MET-h/day) | 8.25 ± 6.01 | 7.59 ± 7.39 | 7.08 ± 4.94 | 0.470 | 8.05 ± 8.70 | 8.68 ± 6.84 | 8.05 ± 7.32 | 0.662 |
Nap frequency | 4.01 ± 2.80 | 4.21 ± 2.59 | 4.19 ± 2.49 | 0.824 | 3.65 ± 2.58 | 3.82 ± 2.59 | 2.94 ± 2.24 | 0. 607 |
Food intake (kcal) | 1608 ± 527 | 1622 ± 441 | 1606 ± 473 | 0.954 | 1372 ± 433 | 1399 ± 388 | 1463 ± 352 | 0.758 |
Married | Â | Â | Â | 0.045 | Â | Â | Â | 0.593 |
Yes | 92(92.9%) | 209(95.9%) | 83(88.3%) | Â | 127(88.8%) | 104(88.9%) | 7(77.8%) | Â |
No | 7(7.1%) | 9(4.1%) | 11(11.7%) | Â | 16(11.2%) | 13(11.1%) | 2(22.2%) | Â |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | 0.871 | Â | Â | Â | 0.019 |
≤Primary school | 7(7.1%) | 20(9.2%) | 8(8.5%) |  | 33(23.1%) | 17(14.5%) | 1(11.1%) |  |
Secondary school | 72(72.7%) | 145(66.5%) | 64(68.1%) | Â | 91(63.6%) | 66(56.4%) | 5(55.6%) | Â |
University | 20(20.2%) | 53(24.3%) | 22(23.4%) | Â | 19(13.3%) | 34(29.1%) | 3(33.3%) | Â |
Income | Â | Â | Â | 0.115 | Â | Â | Â | 0.068 |
Low | 25(25.3%) | 32(14.7%) | 20(21.3%) | Â | 28(19.6%) | 19(16.2%) | 1(11.1%) | Â |
Middle | 50(50.5%) | 132(60.6%) | 46(48.9%) | Â | 88(61.5%) | 62(53.0%) | 7(77.8%) | Â |
High | 24(24.2%) | 54(24.8%) | 28(29.8%) | Â | 27(18.9%) | 36(30.8%) | 1(11.1%) | Â |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | 0.004 | Â | Â | Â | 0.290 |
Yes | 44(44.4%) | 109(50.0%) | 66(70.2%) | Â | 5(3.5%) | 3(2.6%) | 1Â (11.1%) | Â |
No | 34(34.4%) | 66(30.3%) | 20(21.3%) | Â | 135(94.4%) | 114(42.7%) | 8(88.9%) | Â |
Abstainers | 21(21.2%) | 43(19.7%) | 8(8.5%) | Â | 3(2.1%) | 0(0%) | 0(0%) | Â |
Sarcopenia | Â | Â | Â | 0.472 | Â | Â | Â | 0.708 |
Yes | 5(5.1%) | 19(8.7%) | 6(6.4%) | Â | 11(7.7%) | 9(7.7%) | 0(0%) | Â |
No | 94(94.9%) | 199(91.3%) | 88(93.7%) | Â | 132(92.3%) | 108(92.3%) | 9(100%) | Â |
SMI4 | Â | Â | Â | 0.627 | Â | Â | Â | 0.596 |
Yes | 10(10.1%) | 20(9.2%) | 6(6.4%) | Â | 14(9.8%) | 13(11.1%) | 0(0%) | Â |
No | 89(89.9%) | 198(90.8%) | 88(93.6%) | Â | 129(90.2%) | 104(88.9%) | 9(100%) | Â |
Grip strength | Â | Â | Â | 0.002 | Â | Â | Â | 0.049 |
Yes | 20(20.2%) | 20(9.2%) | 6(6.4%) | Â | 28(19.6%) | 12(10.3%) | 0(0%) | Â |
No | 79(79.8%) | 198(90.1%) | 88(93.6%) | Â | 115(80.4%) | 105(89.7%) | 9(100%) | Â |
Gait speed | Â | Â | Â | 0.099 | Â | Â | Â | 0.254 |
Yes | 71(71.7%) | 185(84.9%) | 73(77.7%) | Â | 100(69.9%) | 92(78.6%) | 6(66.7%) | Â |
No | 28(28.3%) | 33(15.1%) | 21(22.3%) | Â | 43(30.1%) | 25(21.4%) | 3(33.3%) | Â |