Table 6 ITT analysis of treatment on parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices by subgroups

Internal locus of control

External locus of control

High

Low

Non-mother

Mother

Center-based

Home-based

Panel A. Parenting Knowledge

KIDI total score

0.006

(0.076)

0.065

(0.113)

0.017

(0.093)

0.050

(0.087)

-0.054

(0.129)

0.050

(0.081)

-0.048

(0.129)

-0.258

(0.246)

Panel B. Parenting Attitude

PLOC overall

-0.028

(0.115)

0.068

(0.138)

-0.054

(0.100)

0.105

(0.136)

-0.072

(0.207)

0.031

(0.095)

0.023

(0.150)

0.116

(0.327)

PLOC parental efficacy

0.145

(0.096)

0.075

(0.106)

0.067

(0.090)

0.179

(0.130)

-0.054

(0.179)

0.152

(0.096)

0.119

(0.138)

0.132

(0.326)

PLOC parental responsibility

0.043

(0.116)

-0.022

(0.134)

0.003

(0.111)

0.032

(0.147)

-0.151

(0.190)

0.054

(0.096)

0.160

(0.124)

0.113

(0.258)

PLOC child control of parent’s life

0.020

(0.094)

-0.02

(0.129)

-0.005

(0.095)

0.016

(0.087)

0.358*

(0.188)

-0.078

(0.067)

-0.083

(0.167)

-0.205

(0.318)

PLOC parental control of child’s behavior

-0.240

(0.150)

0.112

(0.126)

-0.154

(0.118)

0.004

(0.135)

-0.198

(0.156)

-0.063

(0.108)

-0.173

(0.143)

0.179

(0.337)

Panel C. Parenting Practice

Parent-child interactions

Reading books

0.153**

(0.060)

0.092

(0.080)

0.148**

(0.061)

0.095

(0.066)

0.292**

(0.088)

0.087*

(0.047)

0.176**

(0.077)

0.435**

(0.162)

Telling stories

0.193**

(0.051)

0.061

(0.073)

0.141**

(0.060)

0.129**

(0.058)

0.089

(0.082)

0.147***

(0.055)

0.120**

(0.060)

0.138

(0.125)

Singing songs

0.130***

(0.048)

-0.025

(0.064)

0.105**

(0.049)

0.005

(0.062)

0.111

(0.085)

0.053

(0.043)

0.086

(0.065)

-0.046

(0.145)

Taking child outside home for play

0.036

(0.040)

-0.135**

(0.054)

-0.070*

(0.039)

0.010

(0.057)

-0.093

(0.090)

-0.024

(0.038)

-0.095**

(0.041)

-0.019

(0.176)

Playing with the child with toys

0.046

(0.054)

0.053

(0.050)

0.048

(0.057)

0.050

(0.051)

0.142

(0.095)

0.027

(0.036)

-0.010

(0.073)

-0.197

(0.161)

Naming things, counting, drawing

0.199***

(0.041)

0.073

(0.064)

0.162***

(0.051)

0.123**

(0.060)

0.227***

(0.085)

0.127***

(0.042)

0.120

(0.072)

0.183

(0.137)

Disciplining practices

Taking away children’s things

-0.056

(0.085)

-0.065

(0.108)

-0.041

(0.082)

-0.087

(0.079)

-0.191

(0.127)

-0.029

(0.075)

-0.106

(0.117)

0.068

(0.246)

Limiting time

-0.076

(0.106)

-0.135

(0.109)

-0.05

(0.093)

-0.173

(0.153)

-0.303

(0.196)

-0.053

(0.085)

-0.046

(0.130)

-0.463

(0.283)

Explanation

-0.013

(0.075)

-0.104

(0.109)

0.035

(0.082)

-0.172

(0.113)

-0.382**

(0.159)

0.027

(0.063)

-0.050

(0.086)

0.191

(0.199)