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Table 4 ITT analysis of treatment on parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices by the feedback type

From: The effect of ECD program on the caregiver’s parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices: based on a cluster-randomized controlled trial in economically vulnerable areas of China

 

Feedback

No Feedback

 

Coefficients

SE

Romano-Wolf

P-value

Coefficients

SE

Romano-Wolf

P-value

Panel A. Parenting Knowledge (N = 563)

     

KIDI total score

0.034

0.071

0.980

0.027

0.086

1.000

Panel B. Parenting Attitude (N = 563)

     

PLOC overall

0.003

0.097

1.000

0.024

0.096

1.000

PLOC parental efficacy

0.165

0.087

0.181

0.050

0.081

1.000

PLOC parental responsibility

0.013

0.107

1.000

0.018

0.109

1.000

PLOC child control of parent’s life

-0.014

0.075

1.000

0.027

0.063

1.000

PLOC parental control of child’s behavior

-0.114

0.116

0.842

-0.055

0.106

1.000

Panel C. Parenting Practice(N = 564)

     

Parent-child interactions

   

Reading books

0.135

0.057

0.040

0.115

0.053

0.099

Telling stories

0.131

0.052

0.020

0.142

0.050

0.030

Singing songs

0.042

0.045

0.842

0.092

0.049

0.198

Taking child outside the home for play

-0.050

0.038

0.525

-0.020

0.045

1.000

Playing with the child with toys

0.088

0.039

0.069

-0.001

0.038

1.000

Naming things, counting, drawing

0.156

0.052

0.010

0.133

0.044

0.020

Disciplining practices

   

Taking away children’s things

0.016

0.060

1.000

-0.156

0.082

0.188

Limiting time

-0.061

0.090

0.931

-0.151

0.110

0.475

Explanation

-0.037

0.068

0.980

-0.070

0.082

0.941

  1. Notes: In all regressions, we controlled for baseline parental knowledge, attitude and practices, child characteristics, and family characteristics. The scores for parental knowledge and attitudes were internally standardized. All standard errors were clustered at the village level. We also adjusted the multiple hypotheses testing problem using the step-down procedure of Romano and Wolf (2005) to control for the family wise error rate (FWER). The significance levels are as follows: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, and ***p < 0.01