Table 3 Distribution of access levels, according to contextual, predisposing, enabling and health needs of hemodialysis service users
From: Determinants of access to hemodialysis services in a metropolitan region of Brazil
Variables | Access levels | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Low (n = 281) | Intermediate (n = 340) | High (n = 209) | P value* | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Contextual | |||||||||
IDHM (n = 830) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Medium | 42 | 5.1 | 23 | 8.2 | 17 | 5.0 | 2 | 1.0 | |
High | 494 | 59.5 | 175 | 62.3 | 212 | 62.4 | 107 | 51.2 | |
Very High | 294 | 35.4 | 83 | 29.5 | 111 | 32.6 | 100 | 47.8 | |
Gini Index (n = 830) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Average income concentration | 437 | 52.7 | 169 | 60.1 | 189 | 55.6 | 79 | 37.8 | |
High concentration of income | 236 | 28.4 | 75 | 26.7 | 94 | 27.6 | 67 | 32.1 | |
Very high concentration of income | 157 | 18.9 | 37 | 13.2 | 57 | 16.8 | 63 | 30.1 | |
IVS (n = 830) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Very low | 163 | 19.6 | 41 | 14.6 | 59 | 17.4 | 63 | 30.1 | |
Low | 259 | 31.2 | 85 | 30.2 | 107 | 31.5 | 67 | 32.1 | |
Average | 408 | 49.2 | 155 | 55.2 | 174 | 51.1 | 79 | 37.8 | |
Primary health care coverage (n = 830) | 0.603 | ||||||||
High | 376 | 45.3 | 124 | 44.2 | 150 | 44.1 | 102 | 48.8 | |
Medium | 284 | 34.2 | 101 | 35.9 | 113 | 33.2 | 70 | 33.5 | |
Low | 170 | 20.5 | 56 | 19.9 | 77 | 22.7 | 37 | 17.7 | |
Family health strategy coverage (n = 830) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
High | 213 | 25.7 | 83 | 29.5 | 91 | 26.8 | 39 | 18.7 | |
Medium | 228 | 27.5 | 52 | 18.5 | 83 | 24.4 | 93 | 44.5 | |
Low | 389 | 46.8 | 146 | 52.0 | 166 | 48.8 | 77 | 36.8 | |
General Mortality Index (n = 830) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Up to 5/1000 inhabitants | 314 | 37.8 | 107 | 38.1 | 138 | 40.6 | 69 | 33.0 | |
From 5.1 to 10/1000 inhabitants | 359 | 43.3 | 137 | 48.8 | 145 | 42.6 | 77 | 36.9 | |
Above 10/1000 inhabitants | 157 | 18.9 | 37 | 13.1 | 57 | 16.8 | 63 | 30.1 | |
Predisposing | |||||||||
Age group (n = 830) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
20 to 29 years | 47 | 4.6 | 18 | 6.4 | 19 | 5.6 | 10 | 4.8 | |
30 to 59 years | 446 | 53.7 | 185 | 65.8 | 165 | 48.5 | 96 | 45.9 | |
60 and over | 337 | 41.7 | 78 | 27.8 | 156 | 45.9 | 103 | 49.3 | |
Race/color (n = 820) | 0.108 | ||||||||
White | 227 | 27.7 | 67 | 24.2 | 102 | 30.3 | 58 | 28.2 | |
Black | 202 | 24.6 | 61 | 22.0 | 82 | 24.3 | 59 | 28.6 | |
Brown | 391 | 47.7 | 149 | 53.8 | 153 | 45.4 | 89 | 43.2 | |
Sex (n = 830) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Female | 354 | 42.7 | 142 | 50.5 | 142 | 41.8 | 70 | 33.5 | |
Male | 476 | 57.3 | 139 | 49.5 | 198 | 58.2 | 139 | 66.5 | |
Chronic kidney disease time (n = 825) | 0.041 | ||||||||
< 5 years | 426 | 51.6 | 127 | 45.5 | 187 | 55.2 | 112 | 54.1 | |
≥ 5 years | 399 | 48.4 | 152 | 54.5 | 152 | 44.8 | 95 | 45.9 | |
Previous conservative treatment (n = 826) | 0.191 | ||||||||
Not | 553 | 66.9 | 176 | 63.1 | 230 | 67.8 | 147 | 70.7 | |
Yes | 273 | 33.1 | 103 | 36.9 | 109 | 32.2 | 61 | 29.3 | |
Hemodialysis treatment time (n = 777) | 0.033 | ||||||||
0 to 2 years | 297 | 38.2 | 97 | 36.9 | 128 | 40.6 | 69 | 34.7 | |
3 to 5 years | 200 | 25.7 | 52 | 19.8 | 88 | 27.9 | 60 | 30.2 | |
6 to 10 years | 156 | 20.0 | 60 | 22.8 | 54 | 17.1 | 42 | 21.1 | |
Above to 10 years | 127 | 16.1 | 54 | 20.5 | 45 | 14.4 | 28 | 14.0 | |
Capacitors | |||||||||
Income (n = 806) | 0.002 | ||||||||
≤ 2 minimum wage | 461 | 57.2 | 173 | 62.9 | 192 | 58.7 | 96 | 47.1 | |
> 2 minimum wage | 345 | 42.8 | 102 | 37.1 | 135 | 41.3 | 108 | 52.9 | |
Access modality to hemodialysis services (n = 829) | 0.046 | ||||||||
Health Unic System (Public police) | 638 | 77.0 | 219 | 78.2 | 271 | 79.8 | 148 | 70.8 | |
Others | 191 | 23.0 | 61 | 21.8 | 69 | 20.2 | 61 | 29.2 | |
Schooling (n = 820) | 0.033 | ||||||||
≤ 8 years of study | 418 | 51 | 151 | 18.4 | 181 | 22.1 | 86 | 10.5 | |
> 8 ≤ 11 years of study | 281 | 34.3 | 85 | 10.4 | 108 | 13.2 | 88 | 10.7 | |
> 11 years of study | 121 | 14.8 | 41 | 5 | 50 | 6.1 | 30 | 3.7 | |
Profession (n = 819) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
With paid work activity | 297 | 36.3 | 107 | 38.8 | 110 | 32.8 | 80 | 38.5 | |
Retired due to illness | 427 | 52.1 | 123 | 44.6 | 186 | 55.5 | 118 | 56.7 | |
Without paid work activity | 95 | 11.6 | 46 | 16.7 | 39 | 11.6 | 10 | 4.8 | |
City of residence x hemodialysis treatment city (n = 830) | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Lives in the same city where he/she undergoes hemodialysis | 510 | 61.4 | 129 | 45.9 | 206 | 60.6 | 175 | 83.7 | |
Doesn’t live in the same city where he/she undergoes hemodialysis | 320 | 38.6 | 152 | 54.1 | 134 | 39.4 | 34 | 16.3 | |
Health needs | |||||||||
Self-assessment of health status (n = 828) | 0.032 | ||||||||
Good /very good | 525 | 63.4 | 161 | 57.7 | 220 | 64.7 | 144 | 68.9 | |
Bad / Very bad | 303 | 36.6 | 118 | 42.3 | 120 | 35.3 | 65 | 31.1 | |