Table 2 All-cause and cardiovascular mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for participants aged 20 years and older according to nutrition-related diseases: NHANES survey 1999 to 2006 with follow-up through 2015^a

Model 1

 (Normal nutrition without sarcopenia as reference)

  Sarcopenia with normal nutrition

3.52

3.05–4.06

< 0.001

4.66

3.20–6.78

< 0.001

  Malnutrition without sarcopenia

1.34

1.14–2.97

< 0.001

1.43

0.97–2.11

0.070

  Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome

7.81

6.07–10.03

< 0.001

10.67

5.60–20.32

< 0.001

Model 2

 (Normal nutrition without sarcopenia as reference)

  Sarcopenia with normal nutrition

1.40

1.22–1.61

< 0.001

1.44

0.97–2.16

0.074

  Malnutrition without sarcopenia

1.30

1.11–1.53

0.001

1.29

0.93–1.80

0.131

  Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome

2.31

1.82–2.93

< 0.001

2.41

1.18–4.91

0.015

Model 3

 (Normal nutrition without sarcopenia as reference)

  Sarcopenia with normal nutrition

1.62

1.28–2.06

< 0.001

1.66

0.82–3.37

0.163

  Malnutrition without sarcopenia

1.28

1.03–1.58

0.024

1.11

0.68–1.81

0.672

  Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome

2.66

1.89–3.74

< 0.001

3.56

1.17–10.84

0.025