Table 3 Incidence of Catastrophic health expenditure (%), normative food, housing (rent), and utilities method, 40% threshold

Overall

14.4 (0.7)

15.7 (1.0)

11.6 (0.6)

13.5 (0.9)

13.7 (0.8)

14.4 (0.5)

12.9 (0.8)

13.5 (0.8)

12.2 (0.5)

Consumption expenditure quintile

 Lowest

63.3 (2.1)

62.0 (2.4)

48.9 (1.4)

68.3 (3.0)

68.5 (2.3)

57.7 (1.5)

69.9 (2.9)

64.9 (2.4)

57.9 (1.6)

 2nd

2.8 (0.7)

3.4 (0.8)

2.6 (0.4)

7.3 (1.6)

6.5 (1.4)

8.3 (0.8)

6.8 (1.5)

9.2 (1.4)

8.3 (0.7)

 3rd

0.9 (0.4)

1.8 (0.6)

1.3 (0.4)

2.2 (0.9)

1.8 (0.6)

4.2 (0.6)

1.9 (0.7)

2.4 (0.8)

3.9 (0.5)

 4th

0.5 (0.3)

0.6 (0.4)

0.7 (0.2)

2.1 (0.8)

1.7 (0.6)

3.0 (0.5)

0.0 (n/o)

1.1 (0.5)

2.3 (0.4)

 Highest

0.0 (n/o)

0.8 (0.4)

0.8 (0.2)

1.2 (0.6)

1.0 (0.5)

1.8 (0.3)

1.0 (0.5)

2.0 (0.7)

1.9 (0.4)

Area of residence

 Rural

16.8 (0.8)

18.1 (1.2)

14.4 (0.7)

16.5 (1.1)

17.8 (1.1)

17.0 (0.7)

15.1 (1.0)

14.9 (1.0)

14.0 (0.6)

 Urban

5.9 (0.6)

6.7 (0.9)

5.1 (0.7)

5.7 (0.8)

4.3 (0.6)

7.0 (0.7)

6.2 (0.8)

7.5 (1.2)

6.3 (0.8)

Household head’s education

 No education

20.5 (1.0)

21.0 (1.3)

17.1 (0.9)

20.9 (1.4)

21.7 (1.3)

21.3 (0.9)

19.3 (1.3)

19.6 (1.3)

16.4 (0.8)

 Below secondary

8.5 (1.0)

11.5 (1.2)

9.6 (0.7)

7.2 (1.2)

8.2 (1.1)

11.3 (0.6)

7.1 (1.1)

6.5 (1.0)

10.7 (0.6)

 Secondary or above

1.1 (0.5)

4.8 (1.1)

2.0 (0.4)

2.5 (1.1)

1.0 (0.4)

4.0 (0.6)

1.9 (0.9)

5.9 (1.4)

4.2 (0.7)

Illness of main income earner

 No

13.1 (0.7)

15.5 (1.1)

10.8 (0.6)

14.6 (1.2)

14.3 (1.0)

15.7 (0.7)

11.9 (1.2)

14.8 (1.2)

11.7 (0.7)

 Yes

18.8 (1.6)

16.2 (1.6)

13.9 (1.0)

12.1 (1.3)

12.8 (1.2)

12.6 (0.7)

13.7 (1.1)

12.4 (1.1)

12.6 (0.7)

Age composition of ill members

 Children (< 18 years) only

13.6 (1.0)

17.5 (1.4)

10.4 (0.7)

16.2 (4.1)

18.3 (3.7)

18.4 (3.1)

13.7 (4.5)

20.7 (6.1)

14.7 (2.3)

 Non-elderly adults (18–60 years) only

14.5 (1.2)

14.5 (1.3)

11.5 (0.8)

12.0 (1.0)

12.0 (0.9)

11.9 (0.6)

11.6 (1.5)

13.7 (1.4)

12.2 (0.9)

 Elderly (> 60 years) only

21.5 (3.4)

26.2 (4.5)

23.8 (2.5)

20.2 (2.5)

19.8 (2.1)

24.5 (1.4)

21.2 (4.9)

28.0 (3.8)

29.3 (2.4)

 Children and non-elderly adults

14.9 (1.9)

12.0 (1.6)

11.5 (1.0)

16.2 (6.1)

10.5 (3.6)

8.6 (1.6)

13.0 (1.3)

12.6 (1.2)

10.4 (0.7)

 Non-elderly adults and elderly

1.8 (1.8)

14.4 (5.9)

13.9 (3.5)

9.1 (2.9)

11.2 (2.6)

10.7 (1.2)

16.5 (2.9)

8.5 (1.9)

12.2 (1.3)

 Children and elderly

12.9 (6.9)

0.0 (n/o)

13.2 (5.2)

0.0 (n/o)

18.7 (13.1)

0.0 (n/o)

13.0 (3.6)

10.3 (3.0)

6.2 (1.3)

Gender composition of ill members

 Male only

14.7 (1.1)

16.6 (1.4)

11.2 (0.8)

13.5 (1.4)

13.1 (1.4)

13.8 (0.9)

17.2 (2.3)

12.7 (2.1)

14.4 (1.3)

 Female only

15.0 (1.1)

16.8 (1.5)

12.1 (0.8)

15.9 (1.4)

16.0 (1.2)

17.3 (0.9)

17.6 (2.2)

18.6 (1.9)

15.7 (1.1)

 Male and female

12.3 (1.6)

11.8 (1.4)

11.0 (0.9)

8.0 (1.6)

10.1 (1.4)

10.4 (0.7)

10.5 (0.9)

12.0 (1.0)

10.6 (0.5)

Number of ill members

 One

14.9 (0.8)

16.8 (1.2)

11.9 (0.7)

14.7 (1.0)

15.2 (0.9)

16.1 (0.7)

17.4 (2.4)

23.0 (2.4)

19.5 (1.4)

 Two or more

13.3 (1.3)

13.4 (1.3)

11.0 (0.8)

9.5 (1.6)

9.4 (1.3)

10.4 (0.7)

12.2 (0.9)

11.8 (0.9)

10.6 (0.5)

Comorbidity of ill members

 One disease (no comorbidity)

13.5 (0.7)

15.8 (1.0)

11.5 (0.6)

13.7 (0.9)

14.5 (0.9)

15.2 (0.6)

10.7 (1.1)

12.2 (1.3)

11.3 (0.8)

 Two or more diseases

19.1 (1.9)

14.4 (2.5)

11.8 (1.1)

6.1 (4.2)

10.3 (1.6)

12.6 (0.8)

14.8 (1.2)

14.3 (1.1)

12.4 (0.6)