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Table 2 Results of the analysis investigating the association between the factors and non-proliferative DR/proliferative DR status using multinomial logistic regression models

From: Proportion and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy by stage in less-developed rural areas of Hunan province of China: A multi-site cross-sectional study

Variables

Non-proliferative DRa

Proliferative DRa

 

OR

95% CI

p-Value

OR

95% CI

p-Value

Ethnicity (ref. Han)

1.64

(0.79, 3.40)

0.184

0.72

(0.30, 1.78)

0.482

Diabetes duration (years)

1.10

(1.04, 1.17)

0.002

1.14

(1.06, 1.22)

<0.001

History of diabetes nephropathy (ref. No)

3.40

(0.81, 14.14)

0.094

2.78

(0.60, 12.82)

0.189

Diabetes self-efficacy

1.02

(0.99, 1.04)

0.15

1.00

(0.98, 1.02)

0.911

Physical activity

1.00

(0.92, 1.09)

0.969

0.89

(0.80, 0.98)

0.020

Self-monitoring of blood glucose

1.09

(1.01, 1.17)

0.02

1.11

(1.02, 1.20)

0.013

Family function

1.07

(0.93, 1.24)

0.357

0.90

(0.78, 1.04)

0.159

Accessible free blood glucose monitoring service(ref. No)

1.56

(0.71, 3.40)

0.265

1.48

(0.58, 3.78)

0.417

Accessible complication prevention and management education(ref. No)

0.37

(0.14, 0.94)

0.037

0.72

(0.23, 2.21)

0.560

Accessible to undergoing regular fundus examination notice (ref. No)

1.76

(0.72, 4.34)

0.216

1.13

(0.39, 3.29)

0.828

Accessible to lifestyle education (ref. No)

1.51

(0.52, 4.36)

0.445

0.59

(0.19, 1.83)

0.363

  1. a The non-DR group was used as the reference
  2. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio