| Domain | Variable | Definition | Data Source | Notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional SVI | A. Age | Older population | Percentage of older adults aged ≥ 65 years among the total registered resident population | Resident Population Statistics—Ministry of the Interior and Safety |  | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Neelon et al. (2021) [31], Biggs et al. (2021) [38], Kim and Bostwick (2020) [23], Islam et al. [41] |
B. Socioeconomic disadvantage | Foreign minorities | Percentage of foreigners not of Korean descent or from an OECD country among the total foreigner population | Foreigner Arrival and Departure Statistics—Ministry of Justice |  | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Tiwari et al. (2021) [37], Cohen-Cline et al. (2021) [49] | |
Vulnerable groups | Percentage of low-income households, social assistance recipient households, and one-person households with an elderly social assistance recipient among the total number of households | Regional Statistics—Statistics Korea |  | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Neelon et al. (2021) [31], Biggs et al. (2021) [38], Amram et al. (2020) [39], Tiwari et al. (2021) [37], Islam et al. [41] | ||
Disabled persons | Percentage of disabled individuals among the total population | Disability Statistics—Ministry of Health and Welfare |  | |||
C. Housing | Old houses | Percentage of selected houses older than 30 years | Housing Census—Statistics Korea |  | Biggs et al. (2021) [38] | |
D. Income | Pension income | Average national pension amount per beneficiary | National Tax Statistics—National Pension Service | Reverse direction | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Biggs et al. (2021) [38], Islam et al. (2021) [41], Khan et al. (2022) [40] | |
Earned income | Average earned income reported to the National Tax Service per person | National Tax Statistics National Tax Service | Reverse direction | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Biggs et al. (2021) [38], Islam et al. (2021) [41] | ||
E. Environment | Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 | Annual average concentration (For measurements obtained from multiple locations, the average for all locations is used) | Air Pollution Status—Ministry of Environment |  | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Neelon et al. (2021) [31], Khan et al. (2022) [40] | |
Particulate Matter (PM)10 | Annual average concentration (For measurements obtained from multiple locations, the average for all locations is used) | Air Pollution Status—Ministry of Environment |  | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15] | ||
Healthy SVI | F. Prevention | Rate of engaging in physical activities | Percentage of individuals who engage in intense physical activities for at least 20Â min/day for at least three days per week or moderate physical activities for at least 30Â min/day for at least five days in the last one week | National Health Screening Statistics - National Health Insurance Service | Reverse direction | |
Influenza immunization rate | Percentage of individuals vaccinated against the influenza virus (flu) in the past year | Community Health Survey—Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency | Reverse direction | Tiwari et al. (2021) [37] | ||
G. Health-related habits | Smoking | Percentage of current smokers who have smoked at least five cartons of cigarettes throughout their lifetime | Community Health Survey—Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency |  | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Neelon et al. (2021) [31], Kim and Bostwick (2020) [23], Khan et al. (2022) [40] | |
Obesity | Percentage of individuals with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 | Community Health Survey—Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency |  | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Kim and Bostwick (2020) [23], DeCaprio et al. (2020) [54], Khan et al. (2022) [40] | ||
H. Chronic disease | Hypertension | Percentage of individuals aged ≥ 30 years diagnosed with hypertension | Community Health Survey—Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency |  | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Kim and Bostwick (2020) [23], DeCaprio et al. (2020) [54] | |
Diabetes | Percentage of individuals aged ≥ 30 years diagnosed with diabetes | Community Health Survey—Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency |  | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Kim and Bostwick (2020) [23], DeCaprio et al. (2020) [54] | ||
I. Healthcare infrastructures | Number of medical facilities | Number of health care facilities per 10,000 persons | Health Insurance Statistics—National Health Insurance Service Health Insurance Review and Assessment | Reverse direction | ||
Number of beds | Number of beds per 10,000 persons | Health Insurance Statistics—National Health Insurance Service Health Insurance Review and Assessment | Reverse direction | Snyder and Parks (2020) [15], Coelho et al. (2020) [16], Khan et al. (2022) [40] | ||
Number of professionals | Number of professionals per 10,000 persons | Health Insurance Statistics—National Health Insurance Service· Health Insurance Review and Assessment | Reverse direction | Tiwari et al. (2021) [37] | ||
J. Mortality | Mortality of respiratory diseases | Percentage of deaths from respiratory diseases per 100,000 persons (J00–J98,U04) | Cause of Death Statistics—Statistics Korea |  | Amram et al. (2020) [39] | |
Mortality of infectious and parasitic diseases | Percentage of deaths from certain infections and parasitic diseases (A00–B99) per 100,000 persons | Cause of Death Statistics—Statistics Korea |  | Tiwari et al. (2021) [37] |