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Table 1 Descriptive statistics for the demand, supply, and structural covariates (n = 1460)

From: Regional variation in long-term care spending in Japan

 

Mean

Sd

Min

Max

CV

Max/Min

Demand

Demography

Age groups

 65–84 years (%)

81.6

4.0

69.6

90.9

4.8

1.3

 85 years or older (%)

18.4

4.0

9.1

30.4

21.6

3.4

Sex

 Female (%)

51.3

1.3

44.9

55.1

2.6

1.2

Proxy of Health status

 Care level certification rate (%)

18.2

2.8

10.6

27.8

15.1

2.6

 Severe care level (%)

6.8

1.3

3.8

11.4

18.8

3.0

 Per-capita medical cost (kJPY)

584.9

84.0

256.6

901.0

14.4

3.5

 Per-capita inpatient cost (kJPY)

282.8

66.7

125.1

614.6

23.6

4.9

 Per-capita outpatient cost (kJPY)

276.0

29.1

115.8

385.6

10.5

3.3

 Mortality (per 1000 people)

14.0

4.4

3.4

40.2

31.2

11.8

Supply

 LTC provision rate among LTC beneficiaries (%)

86.6

7.8

56.7

133.9

9.0

2.4

 Number of LTC facility beds per 1000 LTC beneficiaries

177.9

115.0

0

1797.8

-

64.6

 Number of LTC facility employees per LTC beneficiaries

114.3

73.1

0

1217.8

-

64.0

Structural factors

 Financial capacity index

0.5

0.3

0.1

2.2

52.7

21.8

 Unemployment rate (%)

4.0

1.1

0.8

10.5

28.6

13.8

  1. Abbreviations: LTC Long-term care, CV Coefficient variation, kJPY Thousand yen