| | Factor loadings | Thresholds | Residual variances | Factor means |
|---|
1 Configural invariance | (* | *) | Fixed at 1/1 | Fixed at 0/0 |
2 Strong invariance | (Fixed | Fixed) | Fixed at 1/* | Fixed at 0/* |
3. Strict invariance | (Fixed | Fixed) | Fixed at 1/1 | Fixed at 0/* |
- The asterisk (*) indicates that the parameter is freely estimated across time; Fixed = the parameter is fixed to equity over time points; Fixed at 1/1 = residual variances are fixed at 1 at both time points; Fixed at 1/* = the residual variances are fixed at 1 at time 1 and freely estimated at time 2; Fixed at 0/0 = factor means parameters are fixed at 0 at both time points; Fixed at 0/* = factor means parameters are fixed at 0 at time 1 and freely estimated at time 2. Parameters in parentheses need to be varied in tandem
