Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample. Numbers (n) and percentages (%)
| Â | Participants |
|---|---|
Variables concerning the child | |
 Sex, n (%) | |
  Males | 97 (54.5%) |
  Females | 81 (45.5%) |
 Age, n (%) | |
  8 years old | 130 (73.0%) |
  9 years old | 48 (27.0%) |
 BMI, n (%) | |
  Underweight/normal-weight | 127 (71.3%) |
  Overweight/obese | 50 (28.1%) |
 Siblings, n (%) | |
  None | 50 (28.1%) |
  1 or more | 128 (71.9%) |
 Adherence to the MD, n (%) | |
  Good | 37 (20.8%) |
  Poor-to-moderate | 126 (70.8%) |
 Prosocial behavior, median (range) | 8 (2–10) |
 Emotional symptoms, median (range) | 1 (0–8) |
 Hyperactivity, median (range) | 3 (0–10) |
 Peer problems, median (range) | 1 (0–7) |
 Conduct problems, median (range) | 2 (0–7) |
 Hours of sleep per day, mean ± SD | 9.10 ± 0.65 |
Variables concerning the mother | |
 Health consciousness, median (range) | 21 (4–25) |
 Health literacy, n (%) | |
  Adequately | 69 (38.8%) |
  Marginal/limited | 108 (61.2%) |
 Citizenship, n (%) | |
  Italian | 154 (86.5%) |
  Other | 23 (12.9%) |
 Marital status, n (%) | |
  Married/cohabiting | 160 (89.9%) |
  Single/separated/divorced/widow | 18 (10.1%) |
 Education level, n (%) | |
  Middle school or less | 28 (15.7%) |
  High-school diploma | 78 (43.8%) |
  University degree | 72 (40.5%) |
 Disposable income, n (%) | |
  I make ends meet with some/great difficulty | 56 (31.5%) |
  I make ends meet quite easily | 86 (48.3%) |
  I make ends meet very easily | 35 (19.7%) |