Table 1 Associations between Intimate partner violence, sexual identity, living with disability and HIV, and bully victimisation in Nigeria (N = 3197)
Variables | Physical violence | Sexual violence | Emotional violence | Total N = 3197 n (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes N = 440 n (%) | No N = 1874 n (%) | *No response N = 883 n (%) | Chi-square p-value | Yes N = 341 n (%) | No N = 1968 n (%) | No response N = 888 n (%) | Chi-square p-value | Yes N = 705 n (%) | No N = 1631 n (%) | No response N = 861 n (%) | Chi-square p-value | ||
Age | |||||||||||||
  Mean (SD) | 27.6(9.41) | 29.0(10.19) |  | 0.01 | 26.4(8.67) | 29.1(10.24) |  |  < 0.001 | 27.2(9.85) | 29.3(10.21) |  |  < 0.001 | 2336(73.1) |
Sexual identity | |||||||||||||
  Heterosexual | 169 (20.5) | 640 (77.8) | 14 (1.7) |  < 0.001 | 106 (12.9) | 697 (84.7) | 20 (2.4) |  < 0.001 | 242(29.4) | 570(69.3) | 11(1.3) |  < 0.001 | 823 (25.7) |
  Sexual minorities | 230 (17.9) | 1025 (79.6) | 32 (2.5) |  | 210 (16.3) | 1043 (81.0) | 34 (2.6) |  | 403(31.3) | 864(67.1) | 20(1.6) |  | 1287(40.3) |
  *No response | 41 (3.8) | 209 (19.2) | 837(77.0) |  | 25 (2.3) | 228 (21.0) | 834(76.7) |  | 60(5.5) | 197(18.1) | 830(76.4) |  | 1087(34.0) |
Living with disability | |||||||||||||
  Yes | 33 (28.2) | 81(69.2) | 3(2.6) |  < 0.001 | 27 (23.1) | 88(75.2) | 2(1.7) |  < 0.001 | 50(42.7) | 67(57.3) | 0(0.0) |  < 0.001 | 117 (3.7) |
  No | 391(17.8) | 1748(79.8) | 52(2.4) |  | 301 (13.7) | 1832(83.6) | 58(2.6) |  | 631(28.8) | 1526(69.6) | 34(1.6) |  | 2191(68.5) |
  *No response | 16(1.8) | 45(5.1) | 823(93.1) |  | 13(1.5) | 48(5.4) | 828(93.1) |  | 24(2.7) | 38(4.3) | 827(93.0) |  | 889(27.8) |
HIV status | |||||||||||||
  Positive | 298(17.8) | 1196(71.6) | 177(10.6) |  < 0.001 | 234 (14.0) | 1254(75.0) | 183(11.0) |  < 0.001 | 465(27.8) | 1045(62.5) | 161(9.6) |  < 0.001 | 620 (19.4) |
  Negative | 128 (15.1) | 623(73.4) | 98(11.5) |  | 91 (10.7) | 659(77.6) | 99(11.7) |  | 213(25.1) | 540(63.6) | 96(11.3) |  | 1671 (52.3) |
  *No response | 6 (1.0) | 22(3.5) | 592(95.5) |  | 6 (1.0) | 23(3.7) | 591(95.3) |  | 1191.8) | 19(3.1) | 590(95.2) |  | 849 (26.6) |
  Don’t know | 8 (14.0) | 33(57.9) | 16(28.1) |  | 10 (17.5) | 32(56.1) | 15(26.3) |  | 16(28.1) | 27(47.4) | 14(24.6) |  | 57 (1.8) |
Bully Victimization | |||||||||||||
  Yes | 186(31.8) | 395(67.5) | 4(0.7) |  < 0.001 | 150(25.6) | 429(73.3) | 6(1.0) |  < 0.001 | 257(43.9) | 326(55.7) | 2(0.3) |  < 0.001 | 585(26.6) |
  No | 149(10.7) | 1226(8.3) | 14(1.0) |  | 136(9.8) | 1237(89.1) | 16(1.2) |  | 295(21.2) | 1093(78.7) | 1(0.1) |  | 1389(43.5) |
  *No response | 13(1.4) | 53(5.7) | 863(92.9) |  | 6(0.6) | 62(6.7) | 861(92.7) |  | 25(2.7) | 47(5.1) | 857(92.2) |  | 929(29.0) |
Educational status | |||||||||||||
  No formal education | 6(14.6) | 34(82.9) | 1(2.4) |  < 0.001 | 10(24.4) | 37(4.3) | 1(2.4) |  < 0.001 | 12(29.3) | 29(70.7) | 0(0.0) |  < 0.001 | 41(1.3) |
  Primary | 16(15.1) | 87(82.1) | 3(2.8) |  | 11 (10.4) | 30(73.2) | 3(2.8) |  | 32(30.2) | 73(68.9) | 1(0.9) |  | 106 (3.3) |
  Secondary | 145(17.7) | 652(79.8) | 20(2.4) |  | 91 (11.1) | 92(86.8) | 20(2.4) |  | 195(23.9) | 613(75.0) | 9(1.1) |  | 817 (25.6) |
  Tertiary | 235(19.0) | 969(78.4) | 32(2.6) |  | 200(16.2) | 706(86.4) | 38(3.1) |  | 405(32.8) | 805(65.1) | 26(2.1) |  | 1236 (38.7) |
  Others | 28(22.0) | 98(77.2) | 1(0.8) |  | 22(17.3) | 998(80.7) | 0(0.0) |  | 42(33.1) | 85(66.9) | 0(0.0) |  | 127(4.0) |
  *No response | 10(1.1) | 34(3.9) | 826(94.9) |  | 7(0.8) | 105(82.7) | 826(94.9) |  | 19(2.2) | 26(3.0) | 825(94.8) |  | 870(27.1) |
Marital status | |||||||||||||
  Single | 273(20.5) | 1021(76.7) | 38(2.9) |  < 0.001 | 230(17.3) | 1061(79.7) | 41(3.1) |  < 0.001 | 444(33.3) | 858(64.4) | 30(2.3) |  < 0.001 | 1332 (41.7) |
  Married | 97 (12.6) | 658(85.5) | 15(1.9) |  | 57 (7.4) | 699(90.8) | 14(1.8) |  | 152(19.7) | 615(79.9) | 3(0.4) |  | 770 (24.1) |
  Divorced/Separated | 38 (27.5) | 98(71.0) | 2(1.4) |  | 27 (19.6) | 107(77.5) | 4(2.9) |  | 57(41.3) | 79(57.2) | 2(1.4) |  | 138 (4.3) |
  Cohabiting | 25 (29.1) | 61(70.9) | 0(0.0) |  | 22 (25.6) | 63(73.3) | 1(1.2) |  | 35(40.7) | 51(59.3) | 0(0.0) |  | 86 (3.7) |
  *No response | 7(0.8) | 36(4.1) | 828(95.1) |  | 5(0.6) | 38(4/4) | 828(95.1) |  | 17(2.0) | 28(3.2) | 826(94.8) |  | 871(27.1) |
Sex at birth | |||||||||||||
  Male | 177 (16.5) | 869(81.1) | 26(2.4) |  < 0.001 | 138 (12.9) | 901(84.0) | 33(3.1) |  < 0.001 | 331(30.9) | 720(67.2) | 21(2.0) |  < 0.001 | 1072 (33.5) |
  Female | 256 (20.4) | 973(77.4) | 28(2.2) |  | 199 (15.8) | 1032(82.1) | 26(2.1) |  | 358(28.5) | 887(70.6) | 358(28.5) |  | 1257 (39.3) |
  *No response | 7 (0.8) | 32(3.7) | 829(95.5) |  | 4 (0.5) | 35(4.0) | 829(95.5) |  | 16(1.8) | 24(2.8) | 828(95.4) |  | 868 (27.2) |