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Table 4 Reversion to smoking among switchers, stratified by duration of switching: risk perceptions and sociodemographic characteristics

From: US adult smokers’ perceived relative risk on ENDS and its effects on their transitions between cigarettes and ENDS

By Switch duration

Less than a year

A year or mored

Multivariable resultse

aOR (95% CI)

Multivariable resultse

aOR (95% CI)

Time

Lineara

0.89 (0.77 – 1.03)

0.94 (0.70 – 1.27)

Risk perception

Less harmfulb

Reference

Reference

Equally/more harmful

1.78 (1.04 – 3.06)

1.30 (0.70 – 2.43)

Race/ethnicity

NH White

Reference

Reference

NH Black

0.59 (0.22 – 1.59)

0.63 (0.19 – 2.09)

Hispanic

1.24 (0.75 – 2.04)

2.14 (0.79 – 5.83)

NH others

1.31 (0.73 – 2.35)

0.27 (0.05 – 1.62)

Sex

Male

Reference

Reference

Female

0.91 (0.65 – 1.27)

0.87 (0.48 – 1.59)

Age

18 – 24

Reference

Reference

25 – 44

0.93 (0.54 – 1.58)

0.25 (0.11 – 0.57)

45 – 54

0.80 (0.44 – 1.44)

0.34 (0.11 – 1.03)

55 or older

0.81 (0.41 – 1.59)

0.23 (0.07 – 0.71)

Marital statusc

Married

Reference

Reference

D/S/W

0.80 (0.47 – 1.38)

2.62 (1.08 – 6.38)

Never married

0.86 (0.57 – 1.31)

1.48 (0.79 – 2.76)

Household income

 < $25 k

Reference

Reference

$25 k – $50 k

0.86 (0.54 – 1.39)

0.47 (0.19 – 1.18)

 > $50 k

0.69 (0.45 – 1.04)

0.80 (0.39 – 1.62)

Educational attainment

HS/GED or less

Reference

Reference

Some college

0.87 (0.57 – 1.34)

2.12 (1.10 – 4.10)

Bachelor or higher

0.68 (0.37 – 1.27)

1.02 (0.44 – 2.37)

  1. Boldface represents statistically significant results
  2. NH Non-Hispanic, HS High school, D/S/W Divorced/Separated/Widowed
  3. aNo quadratic effects of time were found at either subgroup (OR 0.99, CI 0.84 – 1.16 among switchers with quit duration of less than a year; OR 1.09, CI 0.80 – 1.50 among switchers with quit duration of a year or more)
  4. bFor reversion analysis, the “less harmful” level of risk perception was used as the referent category
  5. cMarital status of Wave 1 has been extrapolated from the marital status of Wave 2 due to unavailability in the survey
  6. dSwitching history of this subset is as follows (in years): Mean = 4.4; Median = 2.5; Interquartile range = 1.6 – 4.0
  7. eThe subset with less than a year duration of switching consists of 982 observations from 771 unique participants. The subset of participants who have switched a year or more are based on 959 observations from 519 unique participants. Some participants are included in both subsets as their switching history increases over time. Multivariable results represent an analysis with all listed variables simultaneously in the model
  8. The interaction term (risk perception*switch duration) was not statistically significant (P = .5229)