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Table 1 Characteristics of the pro-WELL sample (N = 266)

From: Untangling the role of social relationships in the association between caregiver burden and caregiver health: an observational study exploring three coping models of the stress process paradigm

  

Caregiving romantic partners (N = 133)

Care-receivers, persons with SCI (N = 133)

ICC (95% CI)

 

Characteristic [n missing values caregiving romantic partners, care-receivers]

n (%)

Mean (SD); Median (IQR)

n (%)

Mean (SD); Median (IQR)

Within-dyad comparison

Baseline

Sociodemographic characteristics

 Age (in years) [0,0]

 

50.2 (10.1); 52.0 (16.0)

 

51.7 (9.4); 53.0 (16.0)

0.79 (0.72, 0.84)

 Female gender [0,0]

98 (73.7)

 

35 (26.3)

 

-

 Education (in years) [2, 7]

 

14.0 (3.1); 13.5 (4.0)

 

13.9 (3.2); 13.0 (4.0)

0.27 (0.14, 0.46)

 Financial hardship

39 (33.1)

 

38 (31.9)

 

0.55 (0.32, 0.76)

 Paid employment [0,0]

94 (70.7)

 

79 (59.4)

 

0.27 (0.09, 0.57)

Lesion characteristics

 Lesion severity [2]

  Incomplete paraplegia

- -

 

45 (34.4)

 

- -

  Complete paraplegia

- -

 

49 (37.4)

 

- -

  Incomplete tetraplegia

- -

 

24 (18.3)

 

- -

  Complete tetraplegia

- -

 

13 (9.9)

 

- -

 Aetiology [3]

  Traumatic

  

109 (83.8)

  

  Non-traumatic

  

21 (16.2)

  

Objective caregiver burden

 Duration of daily care (in hours) [8]

 

1.7 (3.3); 1.0 (2.0)

 

- -

- -

 Duration of caregiving (in years) [7]

 

17.9 (10.9); 15.5 (17.0)

 

- -

- -

 Number of ADL tasks (range 0–12) [11]

 

2.0 (2.8); 1.0 (3.0)

 

- -

- -

 Number of IADL tasks (range 0–10) [10]

 

3.6 (2.8); 3.0 (4.0)

 

- -

- -

Subjective caregiver burden

 Zarit Burden Interview (range 0–48) [1]

 

6.6 (7.0); 4.0 (9.0)

 

- -

- -

Social relationships

 Loneliness (UCLA-SF) (range 0–6) [4,0]

 

0.8 (1.3); 0.0 (1.0)

 

1.2 (1.4); 1.0 (2.0)

0.14 (0.03, 0.42)

 Relationship quality (QRI) (range 0–24) [1]

 

20.2 (3.5); 21.0 (4.0)

 

20.9 (3.0); 22.0 (3.0)

0.39 (0.25, 0.55)

 Social support (range 0–10) [2, 5]

 

6.6 (2.1); 6.0 (3.0)

 

7.0 (1.7); 7.0 (2.0)

0.09 (0.01, 0.48)

 Social network (SNI) [3]

 

3.7 (1.1); 4.0 (1.5)

 

4.1 (1.0); 4.0 (2.0)

0.40 (0.27, 0.56)

6 Months

Social relationships

 Loneliness (UCLA-SF) (range 0–6) [4,0]

 

0.9 (1.4); 0.0 (2.0)

 

1.2 (1.4); 1.0 (2.0)

0.10 (0.01, 0.46)

 Relationship quality (QRI) (range 0–24) [1, 3]

 

20.7 (3.3); 21.0 (3.0)

 

20.9 (3.0); 22.0 (3.0)

0.29 (0.16, 0.47)

 Social support (range 0–10) [2, 10]

 

5.2 (1.7); 5.0 (1.0)

 

7.0 (1.7); 7.0 (2.0)

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)

 Social network (SNI) [3]

 

3.7 (1.1); 4.0 (1.5)

 

4.1 (1.0); 4.0 (2.0)

0.40 (0.27, 0.56)

12 Months

Health outcomes (SF-12) (range 0–100)

 Mental health [4, 6]

 

70.8 (14.8); 70.0 (20.0)

 

69.3 (18.5); 70.0 (20.0)

0.24 (0.11, 0.45)

 Vitality [4]

 

60.5 (20.1); 60.0 (40.0)

 

56.0 (22.6); 60.0 (40.0)

0.13 (0.03, 0.42)

 Bodily pain intensity [4]

 

40.6 (31.2); 40.0 (60.0)

 

52.4 (29.1); 60.0 (40.0)

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)

 General health [4]

 

57.1 (18.8); 60.0 (20.0)

 

48.6 (18.9); 60.0 (20.0)

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)

  1. Abbreviations: ADL Activities of daily living, CI Confidence interval, CHF Swiss Francs, IADL Instrumental activities of daily living, ICC Intra-class correlation, IQR Interquartile range, QRI Quality of relationship inventory, SCI Spinal cord injury, SD Standard deviation, SNI Social network index