Table 1 Descriptive characteristics for socio-demographic and anthropometric data by geographic region
Measure | Total | Barisal | Chittagong | Dhaka | Khulna | Mymensingh | Rajshahi | Rangpur | Sylhet | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 1410 | 145 | 182 | 224 | 152 | 169 | 210 | 158 | 170 | – |
Gender (m/f) | 761/649 | 69/76 | 88/94 | 107/117 | 58/94 | 112/57 | 127/83 | 63/95 | 114/56 | – |
Age (years) | 39.0 ± 14.2 | 39.5 ± 15.1 | 38.7 ± 11.9 | 37.1 ± 13.3 | 41.9 ± 15.9 | 40.4 ± 13.4 | 43.1 ± 15.0 | 36.2 ± 13.1 | 36.0 ± 15.2 | 0.000 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 4.2 | 24.5 ± 4.3 | 23.4 ± 3.8 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | 23.8 ± 4.5 | 23.7 ± 4.2 | 23.4 ± 4.0 | 21.5 ± 4.4 | 23.0 ± 4.2 | 0.000 |
WC (cm) | 77.1 ± 24.1 | 83.1 ± 10.7 | 56.4 ± 31.7 | 83.1 ± 16.8 | 88.2 ± 11.0 | 83.3 ± 15.7 | 80.6 ± 15.4 | 56.1 ± 39.2 | 82.8 ± 15.0 | 0.000 |
HC (cm) | 159.3 ± 8.9 | 158.4 ± 9.3 | 163.4 ± 6.9 | 158.5 ± 8.0 | 157.2 ± 9.4 | 159.4 ± 10.5 | 159.2 ± 8.0 | 155.8 ± 9.5 | 161.3 ± 8.6 | 0.000 |
WHR | 0.89 ± 0.31 | 0.94 ± 0.04 | 0.69 ± 0.37 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 1.00 ± 0.75 | 0.91 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 0.91 ± 0.11 | 0.000 |
SBP (mmHg) | 125.5 ± 17.8 | 125.8 ± 20.5 | 117.7 ± 13.1 | 120.1 ± 15.9 | 128.3 ± 19.4 | 130.7 ± 14.5 | 129.3 ± 17.9 | 131.1 ± 20.3 | 126.2 ± 17.4 | 0.000 |
DBP (mmHg) | 79.3 ± 27.1 | 78.8 ± 12.4 | 77.2 ± 8.2 | 76.4 ± 11.9 | 80.0 ± 11.4 | 78.5 ± 17.3 | 79.7 ± 10.5 | 83.6 ± 12.5 | 76.9 ± 11.2 | 0.001 |
PP (mmHg) | 69.8 ± 30.2 | 80.6 ± 11.5 | 78.2 ± 10.2 | 79.6 ± 15.9 | 81.9 ± 13.3 | 78.8 ± 18.3 | 77.3 ± 17.2 | 86.2 ± 12.8 | 78.4 ± 11.6 | 0.000 |
Place of residence (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Rural | 44.4 | 47.9 | 45.8 | 33.9 | 52.3 | 39.5 | 72.9 | 77.5 | 45.3 |  |
 Urban | 55.6 | 52.1 | 54.2 | 66.1 | 47.7 | 60.5 | 27.1 | 22.5 | 54.7 |  |
Occupation (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Farmer | 6.1 | 7.9 | 2.9 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 9.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |  |
 Housewives | 29.5 | 31.7 | 44.9 | 39.8 | 26.5 | 34.0 | 24.4 | 17.6 | 5.7 |  |
 Business | 10.6 | 15.9 | 6.6 | 18.9 | 11.8 | 1.0 | 7.3 | 18.7 | 2.9 |  |
 Job | 37.0 | 27.0 | 30.9 | 28.6 | 11.8 | 35.0 | 39.0 | 49.5 | 79.0 |  |
 Others | 10.7 | 17.5 | 14.7 | 7.1 | 49.0 | 10.0 | 20.1 | 12.2 | 11.4 |  |
Education (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Illiterate | 15.7 | 15.9 | 9.0 | 18.9 | 15.4 | 31.6 | 21.2 | 8.6 | 2.0 |  |
 Primary | 18.8 | 3.2 | 27.6 | 26.0 | 13.5 | 21.4 | 21.2 | 15.1 | 7.9 |  |
 Secondary | 16.1 | 17.5 | 16.4 | 24.0 | 8.7 | 11.2 | 17.0 | 18.3 | 11.8 |  |
 Higher Secondary | 13.7 | 34.9 | 11.9 | 7.7 | 13.5 | 10.2 | 15.2 | 20.4 | 12.8 |  |
 Above Higher Sec. | 35.6 | 28.6 | 35.1 | 23.5 | 49.0 | 25.5 | 25.5 | 37.6 | 64.5 |  |
Socioeconomic status (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Low | 28.8 | 19.0 | 22.6 | 25.0 | 37.9 | 34.7 | 52.7 | 25.0 | 4.2 |  |
 Medium | 56.0 | 74.6 | 58.3 | 61.4 | 45.5 | 44.9 | 34.2 | 66.7 | 65.0 |  |
 High | 15.1 | 6.3 | 19.1 | 13.6 | 16.7 | 20.4 | 13.0 | 8.3 | 28.8 |  |
Family history of hypertension (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Yes | 40.0 | 43.3 | 52.6 | 20.6 | 33.3 | 38.5 | 42.7 | 51.6 | 52.4 |  |
 No | 59.5 | 56.7 | 47.4 | 79.4 | 66.7 | 61.5 | 57.3 | 48.4 | 49.0 |  |
Knowledge about hypertension | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Yes | 52.8 | 36.7 | 89.7 | 86.6 | 34.3 | 28.2 | 13.3 | 44.4 | 24.6 |  |
 No | 47.2 | 63.3 | 10.3 | 13.4 | 65.7 | 71.8 | 86.7 | 55.6 | 75.4 |  |
Physical activity (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Low | 42.6 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 52.2 | 94.0 | 95.0 | 96.5 | 65 | 10.0 |  |
 Moderate | 47.4 | 36.7 | 87.9 | 47.8 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 35 | 90.0 |  |
 Adequate | 10.0 | 60.3 | 10.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |  |
Smoking status (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Yes | 20.4 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 22.8 | 25.7 | 30.7 | 29.6 | 28.9 | 15.8 |  |
 No | 79.6 | 89.6 | 89.4 | 77.2 | 74.3 | 69.3 | 70.4 | 71.1 | 84.2 |  |