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Table 5 Longitudinal modelling of a HLI using GEE with an exchangeable structure and robust standard errors

From: Changes in health behaviours in adults at-risk of chronic disease: primary outcomes from the My health for life program

 

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

Constant

8.51 (8.46, 8.55)*

8.07 (7.97, 8.17)*

6.85 (6.63, 7.08)*

Sessions

 Session 1

-

-

-

 Session 5

0.97 (0.90, 1.03)*

0.96 (0.89, 1.03)*

0.98 (0.91, 1.05)

 Session 6

1.20 (1.13, 1.27)*

1.19 (1.12, 1.27)*

1.20 (1.13, 1.28)

Mode

 THC

 

-

-

 GBP

 

0.14 (0.07, 0.21)*

0.14 (0.07, 0.21)

 No. sessions (range 1–6)

 

0.10 (0.07, 0.12)*

0.05 (0.03, 0.08)*

Employment status

 Employed

  

-

 Home duties

  

-0.08 (-0.23, 0.06)

 Retired

  

0.59 (0.51, 0.66)*

 Not working

  

-0.46 (-0.61, -0.32)*

 Other

  

-0.09 (-0.24, 0.06)

Sex

 Female

  

-

 Male

  

-0.49 (-0.57, -0.42)*

Age bracket

 < 45 years

  

-

 45 or older

  

1.00 (0.90, 1.10)*

Educational attainment

 Primary education

  

-

 Secondary education

  

0.20 (0.01, 0.38)

 Certificate/diploma

  

0.32 (0.14, 0.50)*

 Bachelor/postgraduate

  

0.79 (0.61, 0.98)*

 Other

  

0.53 (0.24, 0.82)*

 First Nations People

   

 No

  

-

 Yes

  

-0.49 (-0.68, -0.30)*

IRSAD quintile

 Quintile 1

  

-

 Quintile 2

  

-0.04 (-0.16, 0.08)

 Quintile 3

  

0.18 (0.07, 0.29)*

 Quintile 4

  

0.22 (0.11, 0.33)*

 Quintile 5

  

0.34 (0.23, 0.45)*

  1. THC Telephone health couching, GBP Group-based program, IRSAD Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage
  2. aModel 1, unadjusted relationship between HLI and time (sessions 5 and 6)
  3. bModel 2, adjusted for program characteristics (delivery mode and no. sessions attended)
  4. cModel 3, adjusted for program characteristics and personal background (employment status, sex, age bracket, educational attainment, First Nations People, and IRSAD quintile)
  5. * p < .01