Fig. 3

Structural model of factors consisting the COVID-19 related stigma imposed by non-infected general population. The exploratory factor analysis revealed five unobserved latent variables in the scale. Figure 3 depicted five unobserved latent domains (white ellipse) in the COVID-19 related stigma questionnaire. The questions, falling into each domain, were illustrated in white circles. The value on each arrow, connecting the white circles (item) to the white ellipses (latent factor), showed the correlation coefficient; however, the values on each arrow, connecting the white ellipses to the central ellipse (COVID-19 related stigma), represent the Cronbach Alpha of each latent variable to express the reliability of those latent factors