Overall | Kindergarten | Elementary school | High school | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 3845) | (n = 950) | (n = 1374) | (n = 1521) | |||||||||
Myopia | No myopia | p value | Myopia | No myopia | p value | Myopia | No myopia | p value | Myopia | No myopia | p value | |
Number of children | 1894 | 1951 | 50 | 900 | 590 | 784 | 1254 | 267 | ||||
Age (mean ± SD) | 13.47 ± 3.34 | 7.92 ± 3.66 | < 0.001 | 4.94 ± 0.89 | 4.95 ± 0.85 | 0.95 | 9.99 ± 1.72 | 8.88 ± 1.75 | < 0.001 | 15.45 ± 1.71 | 15.04 ± 1.79 | < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 971 (51.3) | 1012 (51.9) | 0.72 | 24 (48.0) | 471 (52.3) | 0.65 | 291 (49.3) | 392 (50.0) | 0.83 | 656 (52.3) | 149 (55.8) | 0.33 |
High SES (%) | 725 (38.3) | 722 (37.0) | 0.26 | 14 (28.0) | 336 (37.3) | 0.19 | 258 (43.7) | 295 (37.6) | 0.03 | 453 (36.1) | 91 (34.1) | 0.37 |
Parental smoking (%) | 777 (41.0) | 790 (40.5) | 0.70 | 20 (40.0) | 349 (38.8) | 0.93 | 240 (40.7) | 317 (40.4) | 0.97 | 517 (41.2) | 124 (46.4) | 0.11 |
High parental education level (%) | 267 (14.1) | 339 (17.4) | 0.008 | 7 (14.0) | 155 (17.2) | 0.73 | 111 (18.8) | 153 (19.5) | 0.81 | 149 (11.9) | 31 (11.6) | 0.94 |
Parental myopia (%) | 1330 (70.2) | 1381 (70.8) | 0.61 | 41 (82.0) | 672 (74.7) | 0.11 | 486 (82.4) | 581 (74.1) | 0.001 | 803 (64.0) | 128 (47.9) | < 0.001 |
Parental behavior score (mean ± SD) | 44.30 ± 7.50 | 46.31 ± 7.90 | < 0.001 | 48.24 ± 6.42 | 48.30 ± 7.52 | 0.95 | 47.17 ± 7.69 | 45.78 ± 7.50 | < 0.001 | 42.78 ± 6.98 | 41.12 ± 7.75 | 0.001 |
Beneficial parental behaviour (score≧50) (%) | 450 (23.8) | 676 (34.6) | < 0.001 | 22 (44.0) | 396 (44.0) | 1.00 | 223 (37.8) | 243 (31.0) | 0.01 | 205 (16.3) | 37 (13.9) | 0.36 |