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Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of patients experiencing homelessness, housing exclusion and with secure housing in Germany in 2020

From: Chronic diseases and multi-morbidity in persons experiencing homelessness: results from a cross-sectional study conducted at three humanitarian clinics in Germany in 2020

Characteristics

Homeless

N (%)

Housing exclusion

N (%)

Secure Housing

N (%)

P value*

Gender

 Male

247 (74.17)

132 (45.36)

37 (53.62)

 < .001

 Female

86 (25.83)

159 (54.64)

32 (45.38)

Age category

 18–34

116 (34.83)

116(39.73)

33(47.14)

0.01

 35–49

138 (41.44)

88 (30.14)

18 (25.71)

 ≥50

79 (23.72)

88 (30.14)

19 (27.14)

 

Country of origin

 German National

33 (10.03)

30 (10.38)

18 (25.71)

 < .001

 EU/EEA National

187 (56.84)

84 (29.07)

21 (30.00)

 Non-EU/EEA National

109 (33.13)

175 (60.55)

31 (44.29)

Immigration status

 Undocumented migrant

17 (5.33)

111 (39.64)

6 (8.70)

 < .001

 Other

302 (94.67)

169 (60.36)

63 (91.30)

Income bracket

 Below poverty line

304 (97.12)

273 (98.20)

60 (88.24)

 < .001

 Above poverty line

9 (2.88)

5 (1.80)

8 (11.76)

Insurance status

 No Health Coverage

221 (66.97)

248 (87.94)

46 (67.65)

 < .001

 Partial Health Coverage

65 (19.70)

31 (10.99)

17 (25.00)

 Full Health coverage

44 (13.33)

3(1.06)

5(7.35)

  1. *p-values were determined by the chi-square test for independence