Table 3 Crude and mutually adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between sociodemographic and work-related factors and belonging to respective trajectory group of sickness absence (SA)/disability pension (DP) days per year, compared to the trajectory group called No SA/DP

Sex

 Women

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Men

0.42 (0.41–0.43)

0.42 (0.41–0.44)

0.35 (0.32–0.38)

0.34 (0.30–0.38)

0.27 (0.25–0.29)

0.33 (0.29–0.37)

Age

 18–24 years

0.90 (0.85–0.95)

0.75 (0.70–0.81)

0.55 (0.42–0.72)

0.35 (0.24–0.49)

0.24 (0.16–0.36)

0.09 (0.05–0.16)

 25–34 years

1.14 (1.11–1.17)

1.11 (1.07–1.15)

0.84 (0.75–0.95)

0.81 (0.70–0.93)

0.48 (0.41–0.55)

0.40 (0.33–0.48)

 35–44 years

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 45–54 years

1.07 (1.04–1.10)

1.09 (1.06–1.13)

1.19 (1.08–1.32)

1.13 (1.00–1.27)

1.76 (1.6–1.93)

1.87 (1.66–2.09)

 55–64 years

1.27 (1.23–1.31)

1.34 (1.29–1.40)

1.34 (1.19–1.50)

1.36 (1.15–1.60)

2.87 (2.61–3.17)

2.40 (2.08–2.77)

 65–67 years

0.70 (0.63–0.78)

0.65 (0.54–0.78)

0.03 (0.00–0.20)

0,03 (0,00- > 999,99)

0.03 (0.00–0.21)

0.06 (0.01–0.43)

Type of living area

 Large city

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Medium-sized town

1.03 (1.00–1.05)

1.02 (1.00–1.05)

1.13 (1.03–1.24)

1.11 (0.99–1.24)

1.57 (1.44–1.71)

1.42 (1.27–1.58)

 Small town or rural

1.14 (1.1–1.17)

1.1 (1.07–1.14)

1.45 (1.31–1.62)

1.44 (1.27–1.63)

2.39 (2.18–2.62)

1.85 (1.65–2.08)

Education (years)

 Elementary (0–9 years)

1.38 (1.32–1.44)

1.59 (1.52–1.67)

1.91 (1.66–2.2)

2.07 (1.73–2.46)

3.16 (2.8–3.57)

2.64 (2.25–3.1)

 High school (10–12 years)

1.24 (1.21–1.27)

1.33 (1.29–1.36)

1.46 (1.33–1.59)

1.38 (1.25–1.54)

1.90 (1.74–2.06)

1.68 (1.51–1.86)

 College/university (> 12 years)

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Birth country

 Sweden

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Other Nordic country

1.16 (1.08–1.25)

1.06 (0.98–1.14)

1.47 (1.16–1.86)

1.14 (0.85–1.54)

1.53 (1.24–1.89)

1.11 (0.85–1.45)

 Other EU25

0.99 (0.92–1.08)

0.99 (0.91–1.08)

1.38 (1.06–1.80)

1.35 (0.98–1.86)

0.95 (0.72–1.27)

0.87 (0.60–1.27)

 Rest of the world

1.27 (1.21–1.33)

1.27 (1.21–1.34)

1.45 (1.22–1.71)

1.59 (1.31–1.94)

1.16 (0.98–1.37)

1.49 (1.2–1.84)

Family situation

 Married/partner without children

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Married/partner with children

0.86 (0.83–0.89)

0.97 (0.93–1.01)

0.8 (0.71–0.91)

0.91 (0.78–1.08)

0.40 (0.37–0.45)

0.79 (0.69–0.91)

 Single, without children

0.88 (0.85–0.92)

0.98 (0.94–1.03)

0.9 (0.79–1.03)

1.07 (0.90–1.27)

0.54 (0.49–0.60)

1.14 (0.99–1.32)

 Single with children

1.46 (1.39–1.53)

1.28 (1.21–1.35)

1.94 (1.66–2.28)

1.45 (1.18–1.77)

1.12 (0.98–1.28)

1.19 (0.99–1.42)

Demands/control

 High demands/high control

0.84 (0.80–0.88)

0.90 (0.85–0.94)

0.8 (0.65–0.98)

0.89 (0.71–1.13)

0.56 (0.46–0.69)

0.51 (0.39–0.66)

 High demands/medium control

1.25 (1.19–1.30)

0.98 (0.94–1.03)

1.40 (1.18–1.65)

1.17 (0.96–1.42)

1.25 (1.07–1.46)

1.00 (0.82–1.21)

 High demands/low control

1.63 (1.56–1.70)

1.01 (0.97–1.06)

1.99 (1.70–2.32)

1.19 (0.98–1.44)

2.30 (2.00–2.64)

1.35 (1.13–1.62)

 Medium demands/high control

0.76 (0.73–0.80)

0.92 (0.87–0.96)

0.72 (0.60–0.86)

0.97 (0.77–1.21)

0.53 (0.44–0.64)

0.61 (0.48–0.77)

 Medium demands/medium control

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Medium demands/low control

1.41 (1.35–1.48)

1.03 (0.98–1.08)

1.60 (1.34–1.90)

1.11 (0.90–1.37)

2.07 (1.79–2.41)

1.47 (1.21–1.78)

 Low demands/high control

0.78 (0.75–0.82)

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

0.74 (0.61–0.90)

0.96 (0.76–1.21)

0.60 (0.50–0.72)

0.66 (0.52–0.84)

 Low demands/medium control

1.10 (1.05–1.16)

0.99 (0.94–1.04)

1.11 (0.93–1.32)

1.05 (0.85–1.3)

0.92 (0.77–1.09)

0.85 (0.69–1.06)

 Low demands/low control

1.45 (1.38–1.51)

1.02 (0.97–1.07)

1.53 (1.29–1.80)

1.06 (0.86–1.3)

1.89 (1.64–2.19)

1.51 (1.25–1.83)

Changed branch of industry in 2016

 Construction

1.21 (1.10–1.33)

1.36 (1.23–1.50)

0.97 (0.64–1.47)

1.07 (0.69–1.68)

1.40 (1.01–1.93)

1.72 (1.21–2.44)

 Hotell, restaurant

1.44 (1.25–1.67)

1.25 (1.06–1.46)

2.13 (1.33–3.41)

1.89 (1.14–3.12)

2.37 (1.56–3.60)

2.49 (1.59–3.91)

 Manufacturing

0.93 (0.88–0.98)

1.05 (0.99–1.10)

0.72 (0.57–0.91)

0.84 (0.66–1.07)

0.74 (0.59–0.92)

0.83 (0.65–1.07)

 Unknown

1.13 (1.08–1.19)

1.10 (0.93–1.30)

5.08 (4.58–5.64)

1.98 (1.24–3.18)

6.40 (5.85–7.01)

3.50 (2.44–5.02)

 Sevices

1.09 (1.05–1.12)

1.10 (1.06–1.14)

1.06 (0.93–1.21)

1.12 (0.97–1.30)

0.97 (0.86–1.10)

1.22 (1.06–1.42)

 Transport

1.27 (1.12–1.45)

1.37 (1.2–1.57)

0.90 (0.50–1.64)

1.12 (0.61–2.04)

1.50 (0.97–2.32)

1.70 (1.04–2.77)

 Care and education

2.14 (2.03–2.26)

1.53 (1.42–1.65)

2.34 (1.93–2.82)

1.58 (1.22–2.06)

2.83 (2.40–3.33)

2.54 (2.02–3.19)

 Trade and retail

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Changed sector in 2016

 Municipal

2.11 (1.97–2.26)

1.32 (1.21–1.44)

2.94 (2.36–3.66)

1.65 (1.24–2.19)

2.63 (2.11–3.28)

0.98 (0.74–1.29)

 Region

2.08 (1.84–2.35)

1.26 (1.10–1.45)

1.88 (1.16–3.05)

1.14 (0.67–1.94)

1.83 (1.14–2.92)

0.79 (0.47–1.32)

 State

1.74 (1.65–1.85)

1.40 (1.32–1.48)

1.79 (1.44–2.23)

1.31 (1.04–1.64)

1.85 (1.51–2.28)

1.26 (1.02–1.56)

 Other

1.23 (1.14–1.33)

1.07 (0.99–1.16)

1.99 (1.55–2.56)

1.62 (1.25–2.10)

2.45 (1.97–3.06)

1.61 (1.28–2.03)

 Private enterprise

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Change of occupation

 No change or change within sub-major group group

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Change of sub-major group within major group

1.05 (1.02–1.08)

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

0.73 (0.65–0.81)

0.82 (0.73–0.93)

0.58 (0.52–0.64)

0.79 (0.71–0.89)

 Change to higher major group

0.90 (0.87–0.94)

0.87 (0.83–0.9)

0.58 (0.50–0.69)

0.67 (0.56–0.80)

0.37 (0.31–0.44)

0.59 (0.49–0.71)

 Change to lower major group

1.30 (1.26–1.33)

1.24 (1.2–1.28)

1.12 (1.01–1.24)

1.22 (1.08–1.37)

0.82 (0.75–0.91)

1.07 (0.95–1.20)

Size of workplace

 1–9 employees

1.06 (1.03–1.09)

0.96 (0.93–0.99)

1.24 (1.13–1.37)

0.95 (0.85–1.06)

1.79 (1.65–1.94)

1.42 (1.28–1.57)

 10–49 employees

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 50–99 employees

1.02 (0.98–1.06)

1.05 (1.01–1.09)

0.73 (0.63–0.85)

0.79 (0.67–0.93)

0.66 (0.57–0.76)

0.66 (0.55–0.8)

 100–499 employees

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

1.42 (1.28–1.57)

0.81 (0.72–0.92)

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

0.66 (0.58–0.75)

0.90 (0.78–1.04)

 500 + employees

1.01 (0.96–1.06)

1.06 (1.00–1.12)

0.74 (0.59–0.92)

0.92 (0.72–1.18)

0.48 (0.37–0.63)

0.71 (0.52–0.95)