Table 1 Demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic characteristics of participants (2017–2021)
Year | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
No. of participants | 42,777 | 48,846 | 57,038 | 58,152 | 50,870 |
Sex | |||||
 Female | 3900 (9.1) | 5346 (10.9) | 5827 (10.2) | 6686 (11.5) | 4830 (9.5) |
 Male | 38,877 (90.9) | 43,500 (89.1) | 51,211 (89.8) | 51,466 (88.5) | 46,040 (90.5) |
Age (years) | |||||
 mean ± SD | 47.9 ± 7.1 | 47.5 ± 7.3 | 47.4 ± 7.5 | 47.4 ± 7.7 | 46.7 ± 7.7 |
 35–39 | 7281 (17.0) | 9151 (18.7) | 11,450 (20.1) | 12,502 (21.5) | 12,837 (25.2) |
 40–44 | 8010 (18.7) | 9845 (20.2) | 11,280 (19.8) | 10,568 (18.2) | 9303 (18.3) |
 45–49 | 6787 (15.9) | 7764 (15.9) | 8859 (15.5) | 9575 (16.5) | 8865 (17.4) |
 50–54 | 10,662 (24.9) | 10,798 (22.1) | 11,790 (20.7) | 10,601 (18.2) | 8385 (16.5) |
  ≥ 55 | 10,037 (23.5) | 11,288 (23.1) | 13,659 (23.9) | 14,906 (25.6) | 11,480 (22.6) |
Regions | |||||
 Bangkok | 7325 (17.1) | 9960 (20.4) | 10,919 (19.1) | 11,143 (19.2) | 5552 (10.9) |
 Central | 15,336 (35.9) | 17,440 (35.7) | 19,604 (34.4) | 21,405 (36.8) | 19,983 (39.3) |
 Northeast | 7249 (16.9) | 8440 (17.3) | 9431 (16.5) | 11,092 (19.1) | 8787 (17.3) |
 North | 9917 (23.2) | 7429 (15.2) | 11,846 (20.8) | 9134 (15.7) | 11,031 (21.7) |
 South | 2950 (6.9) | 5577 (11.4) | 5238 (9.2) | 5378 (9.2) | 5517 (10.8) |
Health scheme | |||||
 Civil servant medical benefits | 41,735 (97.6) | 47,836 (97.9) | 55,987 (98.2) | 56,600 (97.3) | 50,010 (98.3) |
 Social Security | 695 (1.6) | 550 (1.1) | 622 (1.1) | 1138 (2.0) | 751 (1.5) |
 Universal Coverage | 347 (0.8) | 460 (0.9) | 429 (0.8) | 414 (0.7) | 109 (0.2) |
Smoking status | |||||
 Never | 22,623 (53.5) | 26,282 (54.4) | 27,573 (49.5) | 26,779 (48.1) | 26,339 (51.9) |
 Ex-smoker | 9078 (21.5) | 8797 (18.2) | 13,121 (23.6) | 12,823 (23.0) | 10,266 (20.2) |
 Current smoker (irregular) | 4668 (11.0) | 5319 (11.0) | 6535 (11.7) | 6318 (11.3) | 5335 (10.5) |
 Current smoker (regular) | 5884 (13.9) | 7872 (16.3) | 8486 (15.2) | 9760 (17.5) | 8842 (17.4) |
Alcohol consumption | |||||
 Never | 10,432 (24.9) | 12,319 (25.7) | 12,905 (22.7) | 11,386 (20.5) | 12,953 (25.5) |
 Ex-drinker | 4535 (10.8) | 5408 (11.3) | 7515 (13.2) | 7163 (12.9) | 6671 (13.1) |
 Current drinker (irregular) | 24,536 (58.5) | 26,810 (55.9) | 31,537 (55.5) | 31,172 (56.0) | 26,380 (52.0) |
 Current drinker (regular) | 2441 (5.8) | 3439 (7.2) | 4866 (8.6) | 5954 (10.7) | 4753 (9.4) |
Regular exercise | |||||
 No | 17,106 (40.9) | 19,195 (40.9) | 19,576 (35.1) | 24,047 (42.6) | 23,812 (47.0) |
 Yes | 24,667 (59.1) | 27,790 (59.1) | 36,121 (64.9) | 32,359 (57.4) | 26,882 (53.0) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
 mean ± SD | 25.1 ± 3.6 | 25.2 ± 3.7 | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 25.4 ± 3.8 |
 18.50–22.99 | 11,211 (26.2) | 12,544 (25.7) | 14,417 (25.3) | 14,921 (25.7) | 12,845 (25.3) |
  < 18.50 | 687 (1.6) | 688 (1.4) | 765 (1.3) | 782 (1.3) | 664 (1.3) |
 23.00–24.99 | 10,795 (25.2) | 12,298 (25.2) | 14,464 (25.4) | 14,530 (25.0) | 12,750 (25.1) |
 25.00–29.99 | 16,217 (37.9) | 18,645 (38.2) | 21,685 (38.0) | 21,879 (37.6) | 19,048 (37.4) |
  ≥ 30.00 | 3867 (9.0) | 4671 (9.6) | 5707 (10.0) | 6040 (10.4) | 5563 (10.9) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||
 mean ± SD | 130.5 ± 16.9 | 130.6 ± 16.9 | 130.8 ± 16.8 | 131.1 ± 16.7 | 131.8 ± 17.1 |
  < 140 | 31,829 (74.4) | 36,399 (74.5) | 42,884 (75.2) | 43,413 (74.7) | 37,208 (73.1) |
  ≥ 140 | 10,948 (25.6) | 12,447 (25.5) | 14,154 (24.8) | 14,739 (25.3) | 13,662 (26.9) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||
 mean ± SD | 81.4 ± 11.6 | 81.3 ± 11.7 | 81.1 ± 11.6 | 80.9 ± 11.6 | 81.3 ± 11.8 |
  < 90 | 32,575 (76.2) | 37,803 (77.4) | 44,798 (78.5) | 46,018 (79.1) | 39,559 (77.8) |
  ≥ 90 | 10,202 (23.8) | 11,043 (22.6) | 12,240 (21.5) | 12,134 (20.9) | 11,311 (22.2) |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | |||||
 mean ± SD | 103.4 ± 36.0 | 104.0 ± 36.8 | 105.1 ± 39.5 | 103.0 ± 33.9 | 102.5 ± 32.7 |
  < 100 | 26,033 (65.2) | 29,451 (64.5) | 32,857 (64.2) | 34,928 (65.9) | 30,522 (66.7) |
 100–125 | 9844 (24.7) | 11,580 (25.4) | 12,607 (24.6) | 12,857 (24.3) | 10,929 (23.9) |
  ≥ 126 | 4022 (10.1) | 4595 (10.1) | 5744 (11.2) | 5219 (9.8) | 4303 (9.4) |
Fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) | |||||
 mean ± SD | 170.8 ± 133.2 | 171.4 ± 136.2 | 168.8 ± 135.3 | 163.8 ± 129.6 | 166.9 ± 134.3 |
  < 150 | 24,222 (56.6) | 27,913 (57.1) | 33,195 (58.2) | 34,743 (59.7) | 30,014 (59.0) |
  ≥ 150 | 18,555 (43.4) | 20,933 (42.9) | 23,843 (41.8) | 23,409 (40.3) | 20,856 (41.0) |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||
 mean ± SD | 215.1 ± 44.3 | 213.9 ± 44.8 | 212.1 ± 44.0 | 209.5 ± 43.9 | 213.8 ± 45.5 |
  < 200 | 15,997 (37.4) | 18,935 (38.8) | 22,865 (40.1) | 24,844 (42.7) | 19,829 (39.0) |
  ≥ 200 | 26,780 (62.6) | 29,911 (61.2) | 34,173 (59.9) | 33,308 (57.3) | 31,041 (61.0) |