Table 3 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual and community-level factors associated with health insurance coverage in Ethiopia, EDHS 2019

Age

 15–29

0.48(.37,0.60)

0.46(0.36,0.60) *

 30–39

0.82(0.67,1.01)

0.77(0.63,0.96) *

 40–49

1.09(0.88,1.34)

1.01(0.81,1.24)

 50–59

1.13(0.90,1.42)

1.08(0.86,1.36)

 >  = 60

1

1

Residence type

 Urban

1

1

 Rural

1.96(1.19,3.22)

0.73(0.45,1.19)

Level of education

 No education

1.65(1.21,2.34)

1.26(0.89,1.75)

 Primary

1.88(1.38,2.56)

1.57(1.15,2.15) *

 Secondary

1.45(1.03,2.05)

1.38(0.97,1.95)

 Higher

1

1

Wealth index

 Poorest

1

1

 Poorer

1.32 (1.03,1.70)

1.17(0.91,1.51)

 Middle

1.91 (1.46,2.49)

1.71(1.30,2.24) *

 richer

1.93 (1.45, 2.55)

1.79(1.34,2.41) *

 Richest

1.28 (0.91,1.78)

1.43(0.95,2.17)

Sex

 Female

1

1

 Male

1.24 (1.05, 1.45)

1.11(0.93,1.32)

Family size

 <  = 5

1

1

 > 5

0.69 (0.59,0.79)

0.82(0.69,0.96) *

Has radio

 Yes

1

1

 No

0.85 (.72,0.99)

0.92(0.78,1.09)

Has television

 Yes

1

1

 No

0.90 (0.70,1.16)

0.93(0.68,1.26)

Region

 Tigray

0.67 (.33.1.33)

0.67(0.34,1.33)

 Afar

0.01(0.004, 0.28)

0.002(0.006,0.04) *

 Amhara

1

1

 Oromia

0.13(0.68,0.25)

0.11(0.06,0.21) *

 Somali

0.01(0.005,0.03)

0.02(0.007,0.04) *

 Benishangul

0.04(0.02,0.09)

0.04(0.02,0.08) *

 SNMP

0.11(0.06,0.22)

0.09(0.05,0.18) *

 Gambela

0.03(0.02,0.07)

0.004(0.02,0.08) *

 Harari

0.06(0.03,0.13)

0.06(0.03,0.14) *

 Addis Ababa

0.05(0.03,0.12)

0.07(0.03,0.16) *

 Dire Dawa

0.03(0.02,0.06)

0.03(0.02,0.07) *

Random variables and model comparison

 PCV (%)

Reference

8.12

59.53

61.1

 ICC (%)

54.42

52.32

32.58

31.74

 MOR (95% CI)

6.57(5.39,8.21)

6.08(5.01,7.55)

3.31(2.89,3.87)

1.45(2.82,3.78)

 Log likelihood (LLR)

-3181.42

3115.30

-3084.13

-3022.51

 DIC (2LLR)

6,362.84

6,230.60

6,168.26

6,045.02