Table 1 Table of included studies
Author (year) | Design | Participants | Universities | Year group | Subjects | Female | BAMEa | ISa | Mean age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berry (2012) [42] | CS -QS | 57 | 1 | 3.5% (n = 2) 1st year 75.4% (n = 43) 2nd year 1.8% (n = 1) 3rd year 19.3% (n = 11) postgraduate | 72% psychology | 86% | NR | NR | 21.2 |
Boulton (2019) [52] | Longitudinal QS | 175 | 1 | 49% 1st year 49% 1st year 27% 2nd year 21% 3rd year | multiple | 66% | NR | NR | NR |
Davies (2019) [53] | longitudinal /prospective | 325 | NR | NR | NR | 70.8% | NR | NR | NR |
Denovan (2017a) [43] | longitudinal 1Â year | 192 | 1 | NR | psychology | 82% | Â | Â | 19,7 |
Denovan (2017b) [54] | CS QS | 202 | 1 | NR | social science students | 73.8% | NR | NR | 22.8 |
CS QS | 3706 | 7 | NR | NR | 72.8% | NR | NR | 24.9 | |
Freeth(2013) [56] | CS QS | 1325 | 1 | NR | NR | 61.90% | NR | NR | 20.1 |
Gorczynski (2017) | CS QS | 330 | 1 | 54.4% 1st year | NR | 44.2% | NR | NR | 20.9 |
Gnan(2019) [33] | CS QS | 1948 | multiple | NR | NR | 46.9% | NR | NR | 20.3 |
Hassel (2018) [44] | CS QS | 77 | 1 | NR | psychology | 80.5% | NR | NR | 19.1 |
Hixenbaugh (2012) [38] | CS QS | 429 | 1 | 1st year | NR | 69% F | NR | NR | 21.8 |
Holliman (2018) [39] | Longitudinal survey | 186 | 1 | 1st year | psychology | 75% | NR | 24% | 19.2 |
Honney (2010) [47] | CS QS | 853 | 1 | NR | medicine (n = 553) non-medical (n = 300) | 66% | 37.4% | NR | ? |
Jackson (2015) [34] | CS QS | 230 | multiple | NR | NR | 52% | NR | NR | 21.3 |
Jessop (2020) [57] | CS QS | 337 | 1 | 1st year students, 101 (29.97%) 2nd year, 117 (34.72%) 3rd year and 24 (7.12%) fourth year | NR | 69.1% | NR | NR | 21.1 |
Kannanagara (2018) [58] | CS QS (and qualitative interviews) | 440 | 1 | 81% Undergraduates | NR | 55.7% | NR | NR | range 21–39 |
Kotera (2019) [48] | CS QS | 138 | 1 | NR | business | 49% | NR | 29% | 21.2 |
Lloyd (2014) [59] | CS QS | 315 | 3 | NR | NR | 83% | 8% non-UK born 5% English not primary language | NR | 23.4 |
Mahadevan (2010) [51] | case control | 261 | 1 | NR | NR | 70% | NR | NR | ? |
McIntyre (2018) [60] | CS QS | 1135 | 1 | • 1st -year students comprised 46% • 2nd—and 3rd year students made up 35% and 21%, respectively | • Health and Life Sciences (30%), Humanities and Social sciences (42%) and Science and Engineering (18%) | 71% | 18% (non-white Britsih) | NR | 20.8 |
McLafferty (2019) [40] | CS QS | 739 | 4 | 1st year | NR | 61% | NR | NR | 21 |
Nightingale (2013) [41] | longitudinal (1 year) | 331 | 1 | 1st year | multiple | 53.6% | 13% non-white British) | NR | 18–49 |
Norbury (2019) [45] | CS QS | 546 | 2 | 1st 291 (53) 2nd 225 (41) 3rd 30 (6) | 89% psychology | 84% | N R | NR | 20.4 |
Oliver (2010) [49] | CS QS | 146 | 1 | 1st or 2nd year | sports science | 33.6% | NR | NR | 19.3 |
O'Neill (2018) [50] | longitudinal retrospective (1Â year) | 739 | 1 | NR | NR | 62.5% | NR | NR | 21 |
Por (2011) [46] | prospective correlational survey | 130 | NR | range | nursing | 90% | 18.5% African 4% Asian 4% Caribbean | NR | 28 |
Ribchester (2014) [61] | CS QS (and focus group) | 413 | 1 | NR | English/Geography | NR | NR | NR | NR |
longitudinal | 390–454 | every university | range | NR | 77.9% | 10% | NR | 19.9 | |
Taylor (2020) [64] | CS QS | 707 | 2 | NR | multiple faculties | 75.2% | 17% | NR | 23.1 |
Thomas (2020) [65] | CS QS | 510 | multiple | 1st year | multiple | 60.8% | NR | NR | 18–24 (n = 476) |
Tyson (2010) [66] | CS QS | 100 | 1 | NR | NR | 80% | NR | NR | 20.4 |