| Menopause |  |  | Non-menopause |  | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Normal | low BMD | Total | Normal | low BMD | Total |
Characteristics | (N = 13,417) | (N = 8788) | (N = 22,205) | (N = 70,116) | (N = 2446) | (N = 72,562) |
Age (years) | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 56.9 (7.83) | 62.5 (8.09) | 59.1 (8.41) | 35.9 (7.72) | 38.9 (11.7) | 36.0 (7.91) |
Education | ||||||
  < 9 yr | 4591 (34.2%) | 4715 (53.7%) | 9306 (41.9%) | 774 (1.1%) | 190 (7.8%) | 964 (1.3%) |
 9 ~ 14 yr | 4978 (37.1%) | 2572 (29.3%) | 7550 (34.0%) | 14,195 (20.2%) | 532 (21.7%) | 14,727 (20.3%) |
 14 ~ 16 yr | 1643 (12.2%) | 675 (7.7%) | 2318 (10.4%) | 15,771 (22.5%) | 461 (18.8%) | 16,232 (22.4%) |
 16 ~ 18 yr | 1750 (13.0%) | 679 (7.7%) | 2429 (10.9%) | 30,318 (43.2%) | 997 (40.8%) | 31,315 (43.2%) |
  >  = 18 yr | 455 (3.4%) | 147 (1.7%) | 602 (2.7%) | 9058 (12.9%) | 266 (10.9%) | 9324 (12.8%) |
Smoking status | ||||||
 no, secondhand smoker | 13,002 (96.9%) | 8571 (97.5%) | 21,573 (97.2%) | 65,182 (93.0%) | 2260 (92.4%) | 67,442 (92.9%) |
 ever smoker and current smoker | 415 (3.1%) | 217 (2.5%) | 632 (2.8%) | 4934 (7.0%) | 186 (7.6%) | 5120 (7.1%) |
Physical activity (intensity) | ||||||
 light exercise | 11,795 (87.9%) | 7958 (90.6%) | 19,753 (89.0%) | 58,918 (84.0%) | 2110 (86.3%) | 61,028 (84.1%) |
 mean exercise | 1294 (9.6%) | 663 (7.5%) | 1957 (8.8%) | 8932 (12.7%) | 270 (11.0%) | 9202 (12.7%) |
 heavy or violent exercise | 328 (2.4%) | 167 (1.9%) | 495 (2.2%) | 2266 (3.2%) | 66 (2.7%) | 2332 (3.2%) |
Sleep score | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 6.49 (1.59) | 6.39 (1.67) | 6.45 (1.62) | 6.85 (1.27) | 6.78 (1.36) | 6.85 (1.28) |
Milk | ||||||
 no; < 1 cup/wk | 7222 (53.8%) | 4534 (51.6%) | 11,756 (52.9%) | 37,214 (53.1%) | 1329 (54.3%) | 38,543 (53.1%) |
  >  = 1 cup/wk | 6195 (46.2%) | 4254 (48.4%) | 10,449 (47.1%) | 32,902 (46.9%) | 1117 (45.7%) | 34,019 (46.9%) |
Dairy | ||||||
 no; < 1 slice of yogurt or cheese/wk | 9250 (68.9%) | 6477 (73.7%) | 15,727 (70.8%) | 37,661 (53.7%) | 1385 (56.6%) | 39,046 (53.8%) |
  >  = 1 slice of yogurt or cheese/wk | 4167 (31.1%) | 2311 (26.3%) | 6478 (29.2%) | 32,455 (46.3%) | 1061 (43.4%) | 33,516 (46.2%) |
Vegetarian | ||||||
 Yes | 723 (5.4%) | 710 (8.1%) | 1433 (6.5%) | 1793 (2.6%) | 102 (4.2%) | 1895 (2.6%) |
 No | 12,694 (94.6%) | 8078 (91.9%) | 20,772 (93.5%) | 68,323 (97.4%) | 2344 (95.8%) | 70,667 (97.4%) |
BMI | ||||||
 normal | 6707 (50.0%) | 5107 (58.1%) | 11,814 (53.2%) | 46,826 (66.8%) | 1458 (59.6%) | 48,284 (66.5%) |
 underweight | 324 (2.4%) | 485 (5.5%) | 809 (3.6%) | 9724 (13.9%) | 727 (29.7%) | 10,451 (14.4%) |
 overweight | 3720 (27.7%) | 2093 (23.8%) | 5813 (26.2%) | 8465 (12.1%) | 186 (7.6%) | 8651 (11.9%) |
 obesity | 2666 (19.9%) | 1103 (12.6%) | 3769 (17.0%) | 5101 (7.3%) | 75 (3.1%) | 5176 (7.1%) |
Waistline | ||||||
 central obesity | 3947 (29.4%) | 2222 (25.3%) | 6169 (27.8%) | 6005 (8.6%) | 139 (5.7%) | 6144 (8.5%) |
 normal | 9470 (70.6%) | 6566 (74.7%) | 16,036 (72.2%) | 64,111 (91.4%) | 2307 (94.3%) | 66,418 (91.5%) |
Triglyceride | ||||||
  >  = 150 mg/dl | 3690 (27.5%) | 2286 (26.0%) | 5976 (26.9%) | 5039 (7.2%) | 187 (7.6%) | 5226 (7.2%) |
 normal | 9727 (72.5%) | 6502 (74.0%) | 16,229 (73.1%) | 65,077 (92.8%) | 2259 (92.4%) | 67,336 (92.8%) |
Uric acid | ||||||
 hyperuricemia | 3574 (26.6%) | 1913 (21.8%) | 5487 (24.7%) | 6314 (9.0%) | 168 (6.9%) | 6482 (8.9%) |
 normal | 9843 (73.4%) | 6875 (78.2%) | 16,718 (75.3%) | 63,802 (91.0%) | 2278 (93.1%) | 66,080 (91.1%) |
Walkability (park and elementary school; 1Â km buffer) | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 5.49 (6.66) | 5.17 (6.39) | 5.36 (6.56) | 6.18 (7.09) | 6.14 (6.98) | 6.18 (7.09) |
Solar radiation | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 13.6 (1.70) | 13.5 (1.62) | 13.6 (1.67) | 13.4 (1.62) | 13.4 (1.56) | 13.4 (1.61) |