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Table 3 Odds ratios of unsafe abortion from multivariate binary logistic regression models, NFHS-4 India, 2015–16

From: Examining the rural-urban divide in predisposing, enabling, and need factors of unsafe abortion in India using Andersen’s behavioral model

Explanatory variables

Model 1 OR (95% CI)

Model 2 OR (95% CI)

Model 3 OR (95% CI)

Place of residence

 Urban (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Rural

1.17** (1.05,1.3)

1.08 (0.96,1.21)

1.08 (0.96,1.21)

Geographical region

 South (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Central

5.82*** (4.67,7.25)

5.73*** (4.6,7.14)

5.75*** (4.61,7.16)

 Eastern

5.57*** (4.43,7.01)

5.28*** (4.19,6.67)

5.30*** (4.2,6.69)

 North-Eastern

2.28*** (1.8,2.89)

2.16*** (1.7,2.75)

2.16*** (1.7,2.74)

 West

1.13 (0.81,1.58)

1.11 (0.79,1.55)

1.12 (0.8,1.57)

 Northern

2.68*** (2.11,3.41)

2.74*** (2.15,3.48)

2.76*** (2.17,3.51)

Women’s age

 40+ (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 35–39

1.30* (1.01,1.66)

1.3* (1.01,1.67)

1.31*** (1.02,1.69)

 30–34

1.39** (1.1,1.76)

1.4** (1.1,1.77)

1.42*** (1.12,1.8)

 25–29

1.86*** (1.48,2.35)

1.88*** (1.49,2.37)

1.91*** (1.51,2.41)

 20–24

2.16*** (1.68,2.76)

2.13*** (1.67,2.73)

2.15*** (1.68,2.76)

 15–19

3.24*** (2.2,4.76)

3.07*** (2.09,4.53)

3.08*** (2.09,4.54)

Caste/class

 General (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 OBC

1.06 (0.94,1.2)

1.05 (0.93,1.19)

1.05 (0.93,1.19)

 ST/SC

1.17*** (1.03,1.34)

1.14* (1.03,1.31)

1.15*** (1.02,1.31)

Women’s education

 Secondary/Higher (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary

1.09 (0.95,1.27)

1.02 (0.88,1.19)

1.03 (0.88,1.19)

 No education

1.11 (0.98,1.27)

1.01 (0.88,1.17)

1.02 (0.88,1.17)

Religion

 Non-Muslim (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Muslim

0.95 (0.83,1.1)

0.95 (0.82,1.1)

0.96 (0.83,1.1)

Husband’s Education

 Secondary/Higher (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary

0.99 (0.71,1.39)

0.98 (0.7,1.38)

0.99 (0.7,1.39)

 No education

1.75*** (1.23,2.5)

1.69*** (1.18,2.42)

1.71*** (1.19,2.44)

Sex composition of children

 No living child (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Daughter Only

1.63*** (1.32,2.02)

1.66*** (1.34,2.06)

1.62*** (1.30,2.01)

 Son Only

1.15 (0.92,1.44)

1.18 (0.94,1.48)

1.15 (0.91,1.44)

 Both

1.84*** (1.49,2.28)

1.85*** (1.49,2.3)

1.78*** (1.44,2.22)

Wealth Status

 Rich (Ref.)

 

1.00

1.00

 Middle

 

1.12 (0.98,1.29)

1.12 (0.97,1.28)

 Poor

 

1.23*** (1.06,1.42)

1.22*** (1.06,1.41)

Exposure to mass media

 Yes (Ref.)

 

1.00

1.00

 No

 

1.09 (0.97,1.21)

1.08 (0.97,1.21)

Women’s working status

 Yes (Ref.)

 

1.00

1.00

 No

 

0.93 (0.71,1.23)

0.93 (0.71,1.23)

Women’s Autonomy

 Yes (Ref.)

 

1.00

1.00

 No

 

1.14 (0.9,1.44)

1.12 (0.89,1.42)

Unmet need for family planning

 No (Ref.)

  

1.00

 Yes

  

1.19*** (1.06,1.33)

Gestation week

  ≤ 8 weeks (Ref.)

  

1.00

 9–12 weeks

  

0.93 (0.78,1.11)

  ≥ 13 weeks

  

0.91 (0.81,1.03)

  1. OR odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, Ref Reference category
  2. ***p < 0.001
  3. **p < 0.01
  4. *p < 0.05