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Table 2 Distribution of responses for information evaluation, decision-making, and their correlations with health literacy

From: Associations between health literacy and information-evaluation and decision-making skills in Japanese adults

Variables

Responses

 

Correlations with health literacy

Always

Often

Sometimes

Rarely

Never

Mean ± SD

r

P

Information evaluation

 (Accuracy) I check the source of the information

12.5

24.5

27.7

17.5

17.7

3.0 ± 1.3

.24

 < .001

 (Authority) I check the qualifications of the people and organizations providing the information

10.5

23.3

30.0

17.9

18.3

2.9 ± 1.2

.22

 < .001

 (Objectivity) I check whether the information advertised products or services

14.9

28.4

27.8

15.2

13.8

3.2 ± 1.2

.23

 < .001

 (Currency) I check when the information was created

10.3

25.4

28.8

18.9

16.6

2.9 ± 1.2

.21

 < .001

 (Coverage) I check how the information differed from other information

9.7

24.6

31.0

18.7

16.0

2.9 ± 1.2

.24

 < .001

 Total score

 

14.9 ± 5.4

.26

 < .001

Decision-making process

 (Options) I make sure I have all the options. available to me

8.7

31.0

34.2

19.1

6.9

3.2 ± 1.1

.24

 < .001

 (Pros) I know the pros of each option

11.9

35.7

32.1

16.1

4.3

3.3 ± 1.0

.28

 < .001

 (Cons) I know the cons of each option

12.0

34.0

32.3

17.2

4.5

3.3 ± 1.0

.27

 < .001

 (Values and preferences) I compare the pros and cons of each option and clarify what is important to me

14.6

35.7

31.4

13.9

4.4

3.4 ± 1.0

.30

 < .001

 Total score

 

13.2 ± 3.8

.30

 < .001

  1. SD standard deviation