Table 3 Catastrophic Health expenditure (CHE) among hypertensive patients
CHE % (Study reference)a | Effects on CHE (Study reference) | % of income spent on treatment (Study reference) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
• 72% [35]b • 59% [44]c • 52.8% [54] • 43.3% [44]h • 42% [35]c • 26.7% [37]d • 7.9% [37]e • 6.54% [41]f | Higher risk: • Rural settings (62%) [35] • No education (62%) [35] • Hospitalization [37] • Private hospital [37] • Rural setting [37] • Developing complications (stroke) [37] • High Family size [37] | • 1–2% (public sector) [41] • 8–10% (private sector) [41] • 11,1% [54] • 11,4% [49] • 12,9% [37]d, i • 17,6% [37]e, i • 36,7% [47] | |||
Lower risk: • Urban setting (29%), [35] • Primary (28%), secondary (34%) or tertiary (17%) education [35] • Longer duration since diagnosis [37] • Higher income [37] | |||||
No significant change: • Age [37] • Occupation [37] | |||||
Effects by income quintile (Q1-Q5, lowest to highest) | |||||
Income quintile | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 |
CHE % | • 8.0% [37]e • 8.7% [41]f • 27.9% [37]d • 33.6% [44]g | • 7.1% [37]e • 7.3% [41]f • 25.6% [44]g • 28.5% [37]d | • 7.3% [41]f • 9.3% [37]e • 14.4% [44]g • 32.2% [37]d | • 5.6% [41]f • 7.7% [37]e • 15.2% [44]g • 28.3% [37]d | • 3.8% [41]f • 7.7% [37]e • 11.2% [44]g • 13.9% [37]d |
% of income | • 23.6% [37]d • 14.5% [37]e | • 23.9% [37]d • 25.2% [37]e | • 14.0% [37]d • 9.3% [37]e | • 12.9% [37]d • 9.3% [37]e | • 4.8% [37]d • 3.0% [37]e |